Table 3.

WHO severe malaria criteria and other severity signs, stratified by comorbidity group (diabetes, obesity⁵, and both) in patients with severe malaria

Severity criteria	Total N = 289 n	Diabetes, all N = 36		Diabetes, no obesity N = 18		Obesity, no diabetes (by BMI) N = 44		Diabetes and Obesity N = 13
		n (%)	p-value	n (%)	p-value	n (%)	p-value	n (%)	p-value
WHO criteria	120	26 (72.2)	< 0.001	12 (66.7)	0.025	13 (30.2)	0.080	10 (76.9)	0.018
WHO criteria minus prostration	76	19 (52.8)	< 0.001	8 (44.4)	0.071	12 (27.3)	0.873	7 (53.9)	0.021
Impaired consciousness	18	4 (11.1)	0.369	1 (5.9)	0.339	2 (4.6)	0.787	3 (16.7)	0.603
Multiple convulsions	8	1 (2.7)	0.991	0	1.00	0	0.613	1	1.00
Severe anaemia1	18	5 (13.9)	0.034	4 (22.2)	0.016	0	0.085	1	0.888
Acidosis	23	7 (41.2)	0.003	4 (22.2)	0.175	3 (13.6)	1.00	3 (50.0)	0.059
Pulmonary edema	18	4 (12.5)	0.190	0	0.610	7 (15.9)	0.005	4 (30.8)	0.003
Shock	7	0	0.301	0	1.00	2 (4.6)	0.292	0	1.00
Hyperparasitemia2	2	0	1.00	0	1.00	0	1.00	0	1.00
Bilirubin ≥ 3 mg/dL3	14	2 (6.5)	0.668	2 (13.3)	0.179	2 (4.8)	1.00	0	1.00
Creatinine > 5 mg/dL	1	0	1.00	0	1.00	0	1.00	0	1.00
Kidney injury4 Stages 2 and 3	13	3 (8.3)	2.11	2 (11.1)	0.190	1 (2.3)	0.699	1 (5.6)	0.574

¹ at < 10,000 trophozoites^/µL

²100,000 trophozoites/µL

³with/without 100,000 trophozoites/uL

⁴according to the KDIGO criteria

⁵excludes pregnant women with diabetes because obesity was not assessed in pregnant women