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. 2025 Aug 22;22:150. doi: 10.1186/s12978-025-02107-w

Table 3.

Bivariate and multivariate associations with returning to the same G-ANC facility for delivery (ref = other facility) (n = 470)

Variable Delivered at the same (G-ANC) facility
Unadjusted Odds Ratio
(95% CI)
Delivered in the same (G-ANC) facility
Adjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI)
Health: told/advised to give birth there during pregnancy/ANC 0.42 (0.28, 0.63)*** 0.23 (0.15, 0.35)***
Access: place I could afford to give birth (cost) 1.93 (0.88, 4.25) 1.07 (0.38, 3.01)
Access: Based on available transport 1.65 (0.87, 3.14) 0.97 (0.42, 2.23)
Access: Closest facility to my residence 3.91 (2.53, 6.04)*** 4.13 (2.73, 6.23)***
Facility experience: Staff attitudes 5.07 (1.75, 14.66)** 4.68 (2.06, 10.60)***
Facility experience: Trust 2.19 (0.82, 5.87) 0.56 (0.12, 2.69)
Facility experience: Good experience here (treated respectfully) 4.45 (1.55, 12.80)** 3.54 (0.88, 14.25)
G-ANC intervention: Liked G-ANC experience at this facility 3.51 (1.53, 8.02)** 2.22 (0.74, 6.65)
Other: Personal preference 0.72 (0.22, 2.42) 0.48 (0.15,1.56)
Age
Ref: 19 and below
20–24 years 0.90 (0.35, 2.32) 0.80 (0.15, 4.31)
25–30 years 0.95 (0.45, 1.99) 0.82 (0.19, 3.54)
31–46 years 0.83 (0.32, 2.17) 1.07 (0.18, 6.40)
Highest education level
Ref: Primary and below
Secondary 0.66 (0.44, 0.98) 0.93 (0.44, 1.98)
College and university 0.67 (0.44, 1.02) 1.24 (0.58, 2.68)
Wealth quintile
Ref: Quintile 1
Quintile 2 1.31 (0.69, 2.48) 0.90 (0.41, 2.00)
Quintile 3 0.92 (0.68, 1.23) 0.48 (0.19, 1.25)
Quintile 4 0.74 (0.37, 1.47) 0.29 (0.09, 0.91)*
Quintile 5 0.51 (0.33, 0.79)** 0.23 (0.07, 0.72)*

Key: *p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001