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. 2025 Aug 23;24:220. doi: 10.1186/s12943-025-02428-1

Fig. 4.

Fig. 4

Multifaceted roles of biomolecular phase separation in regulating cancer hallmarks. Biomolecular phase separation has emerged as a central mechanism that orchestrates diverse oncogenic processes by modulating the biophysical compartmentalization of proteins, RNAs, and chromatin regulators. It is functionally linked to all ten classical cancer hallmarks, with condensates influencing tumor initiation, progression, and therapeutic resistance through distinct molecular mechanisms