Table 2.
Participant’s responses regarding violence
| Variables | n | % |
|---|---|---|
| Exposure to violence | ||
| Yes | 366 | 84.33 |
| No | 68 | 15,67 |
| Total | 434 | 100 |
| Persons who perpetrate violence* | ||
| Patient | 250 | 33.7 |
| Patient relatives | 394 | 53.2 |
| Hospital staff | 60 | 8.1 |
| Physician | 37 | 5.0 |
| Total | 741* | 100 |
| Causes of the violence experienced* | ||
| Long waiting time | 302 | 17.3 |
| Excessive demands of patient relatives | 294 | 16.9 |
| Communication problems | 279 | 16.0 |
| Low level of education of patients and their relatives | 268 | 15.4 |
| Insufficient security | 225 | 12.9 |
| Staff shortage | 220 | 12.6 |
| News about media-triggered violence | 150 | 8.6 |
| Total | 1738* | 100.0 |
| Places where violence occurs* | ||
| Waiting room | 263 | 24.0 |
| Observation area | 230 | 21.0 |
| Nurse station | 224 | 20.0 |
| Examination room | 202 | 18.4 |
| Triage area | 174 | 15.9 |
| Total | 1093* | 100 |
| Types of verbal violence* | ||
| Shout | 395 | 38.9 |
| Verbal threat | 339 | 33.3 |
| Blasphemy | 281 | 27.7 |
| Total | 1015* | 100 |
| The type of physical violence* | ||
| Scratching-Pinching | 268 | 34.5 |
| Hitting | 244 | 31.4 |
| Punching | 148 | 19.1 |
| Kicking | 115 | 14.8 |
| Total | 775* | 100 |
| Time interval during which the violence occurred* | ||
| 08:00–17:00 | 150 | 34.6 |
| 17:00–24:00 | 224 | 51.6 |
| 24:00–08:00 | 60 | 13.8 |
| Total | 443* | 100 |
| Reporting after violence* | ||
| I did not report it | 258 | 59.4 |
| I reported it | 176 | 40.6 |
| Total | 443* | 100 |
| Your reactions to the violence you have experienced* | ||
| Decrease in my motivation and performance | 375 | 56.7 |
| I was thinking about quitting my job. | 127 | 19.2 |
| I have had psychological problems. | 91 | 13.7 |
| I saw the attack as part of a job | 68 | 10.2 |
| Total | 661* | 100 |
| Receiving support after violence* | ||
| I did not receive any support | 395 | 91.0 |
| I received support | 39 | 9.0 |
| Total | 443* | 100 |
| Finding the methods to prevent violence adequate* | ||
| Inadequate | 410 | 94.5 |
| Adequate | 24 | 5.5 |
| Total | 443* | 100 |
*As there are multiple responses, the number ‘n’ exceeds the number of participants. All items in this table were presented to participants as separate and independent questions. Therefore, the total number of responses in specific categories (e.g., types of violence, perpetrators, reporting behaviour, and consequences) may exceed the number of participants who reported exposure to violence in general