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. 2025 Aug 23;25:533. doi: 10.1186/s12866-025-04185-z

Table 2.

Alpha diversity of bacteria and fungi in Broussonetia papyrifera silage during aerobic exposure

Items Bacteria Fungi Bacteria/Fungi
Richness estimator Diversity index Coverage Richness estimator Diversity index Coverage OS Ratio Shannon Ratio
Days Sample OS Chao1 Simpson Shannon OS Chao1 Simpson Shannon
Fresh 133.00b 176.87c 0.59e 2.76bc 0.993a 414.67abc 511.14ab 0.81abc 5.27abc 0.998c 2.64b 0.78b
0 CK 60.67b 116.95c 0.56e 1.59c 0.995a 186.67bcde 204.08bcd 0.95a 5.38abc 1.000abc 0.54b 0.3b
LP 434.67b 586.72bc 0.84abcd 4.46b 0.975ab 231.67bcde 244.41bcd 0.84abc 4.82abc 1.000abc 12.98b 1.31b
LP+CE 204.00b 262.68c 0.79cd 3.26bc 0.990a 357.33abcd 397.44abcd 0.96a 6.11ab 0.999abc 0.81b 1.41b
LP+XY 283.67b 355.70c 0.76cd 3.45bc 0.985ab 605.00a 659.17a 0.97a 7.01a 0.999abc 0.52b 0.78b
LP+CE+XY 251.00b 322.35c 0.81cd 3.61bc 0.987a 385.00abc 425.82abc 0.88abc 5.62abc 0.999abc 0.64b 1.33b
3 CK 976.67a 1497.64a 0.97a 7.65a 0.948c 473.33abc 555.96ab 0.91abc 5.8abc 0.998c 1.80b 0.54b
LP 278.00b 341.36c 0.79cd 3.49bc 0.986a 521.67ab 561.61ab 0.97a 6.43a 0.999abc 0.54b 29.26b
LP+CE 182.33b 234.57c 0.81bc 3.29bc 0.991a 295.00abcde 342.78abcd 0.52bcde 2.98cd 0.999abc 1.62b 1666.31a
LP+XY 248.00b 302.81c 0.88abcd 4.31b 0.990a 145.00cde 212.17bcd 0.39defg 1.68d 0.999abc 9.79b 0.54b
LP+CE+XY 237.33b 289.63c 0.8cd 3.53bc 0.989a 420.67abc 489.76ab 0.97a 6.24a 0.998abc 0.63b 13.76b
5 CK 890.33a 1035.22ab 0.97ab 7.41a 0.962bc 225.67bcde 239.78bcd 0.93ab 5.19abc 1.000abc 4.99b 1.81b
LP 289.67b 342.21c 0.88abcd 4.47b 0.989a 45.33de 50.83cd 0.10fg 0.49d 1.000ab 11.78b 62.41b
LP+CE 206.00b 266.54c 0.81bcd 3.49bc 0.989a 227.00bcde 324.55abcd 0.51cdef 3.11bcd 0.999abc 0.95b 0.64b
LP+XY 188.00b 267.63c 0.76cd 3.22bc 0.989a 11.67e 11.83d 0.20defg 0.64d 1.000a 19.16b 0.69b
LP+CE+XY 182.00b 220.75c 0.80cd 3.33bc 0.992a 172.00cde 179.00bcd 0.56abcd 2.79cd 1.000ab 11.26 12.57b
7 CK 194.00b 230.18c 0.92abc 4.78b 0.993a 286.33abcde 291.45abcd 0.96a 6.19a 1.000ab 0.89b 80.12b
LP 341.33b 433.88bc 0.89abcd 4.72b 0.983ab 11.00e 11.33d 0.11efg 0.47d 1.00a 65.49a 0.52b
LP+CE 368.33b 521.24bc 0.91abcd 4.70b 0.977ab 7.00e 7.50d 0.04g 0.16d 1.000a 57.23a 3.78b
LP+XY 359.67b 472.33bc 0.88abcd 4.86b 0.983ab 11.67e 11.67d 0.08g 0.35d 1.000a 22.56b 31.7b
LP+CE+XY 219.00b 294.4c 0.75d 3.33bc 0.988a 16.00e 22.00d 0.08g 0.30d 1.000a 16.43b 12.08b
SEM 37.40 53.91 0.02 0.21 0.002 29.07 33.13 0.05 0.35 0.0001 3.07 79.03
P-value <0.01 <0.05 <0.001 <0.001 <0.05 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 0.052 <0.05 0.487

Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences of the same column (P < 0.05)

LP Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, LP + CE Lactiplantibacillus plantarum + cellulase, LP + XY Lactiplantibacillus plantarum + xylanase, LP + CE + XY Lactiplantibacillus plantarum + cellulase + xylanase, OS Observed species, SEM Standard Error of Mean