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. 2025 Aug 23;17:198. doi: 10.1186/s13195-025-01825-4

Table 2.

Univariable meta-regression models to assess the influence of various study-level factors among articles investigating the association between MetS and risk of incident all-cause dementia (eligible results N = 11)

Study characteristic Estimate 95% CI Q (m) p value Adjusted p*
Publication year 0.004 -0.007–0.014 0.425 0.514 0.249
Mean/median follow-up (in years) -0.001 -0.006–0.004 0.117 0.732 0.646
Mean/median age at baseline (in years) -0.003 -0.008–0.002 1.036 0.309 0.043
Used NCEP-ATP III MetS criteria (yes vs. no) -0.145 -0.336–0.046 2.212 0.137 0.019
% female sex -0.002 -0.007–0.003 0.644 0.422 0.116
Adjusted for APOE-ε4 carrier status (yes vs. no) -0.017 -0.064–0.030 0.500 0.480 0.225
Ethnicity (predominantly White vs. not) -0.011 -0.057–0.036 0.197 0.657 0.570
Geographic region (Western vs. non-Western) -0.015 -0.061–0.031 0.432 0.511 0.345

Abbreviations: NCEP-ATP III = National Cholesterol Education Program – Adult Treatment Panel III; Q (m) = Q for moderators; MetS = Metabolic Syndrome; APOE = Apolipoprotein-E

Note: Pooled estimates were calculated using random-effects meta-analysis models

*Using permutation test