Table 1.
Characteristics of participants stratified by age groups
| Characteristics | Age | p | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1 (n = 343) | Q2 (n = 402) | Q3 (n = 307) | Q4 (n = 445) | ||
| Sex, % | < 0.001 | ||||
| Male | 152(44.3) | 154(38.3) | 67(21.8) | 85(19.1) | |
| Female | 191(55.7) | 248(61.7) | 240(78.2) | 360(80.9) | |
| Ethnicity, % | 0.285 | ||||
| Han | 302(88.0) | 366(91.0) | 274(89.3) | 387(87.0) | |
| Non-Han | 41(12.0) | 36(9.0) | 33(10.7) | 58(13.0) | |
| Education, % | < 0.001 | ||||
| Illiteracy | 233(67.9) | 330(82.1) | 273(88.9) | 410(92.1) | |
| Literacy | 110(32.1) | 72(17.9) | 34(11.1) | 35(7.9) | |
| Work, % | < 0.001 | ||||
| Physical work | 111(32.4) | 123(30.6) | 149(48.5) | 197(44.3) | |
| Mental work | 232(67.6) | 279(69.4) | 158(51.5) | 248(55.7) | |
| SBP, mmHg | 148 ± 24 | 148 ± 24 | 154 ± 24 | 153 ± 24 | < 0.001 |
| DBP, mmHg | 83 ± 13 | 79 ± 12 | 76 ± 13 | 76 ± 13 | < 0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 21.2 ± 3.8 | 20.7 ± 3.6 | 18.3 ± 3.2 | 18.1 ± 3.6 | < 0.001 |
| WC, centimetre | 80 ± 10 | 78 ± 9 | 76 ± 8 | 75 ± 10 | < 0.001 |
| ADL | 96 ± 9 | 94 ± 12 | 82 ± 20 | 80 ± 20 | < 0.001 |
| Tea drinking, % | 0.005 | ||||
| Yes | 79(23.0) | 69(17.2) | 49(16.0) | 60(13.5) | |
| No | 264(77.0) | 333(82.8) | 258(84.0) | 385(86.5) | |
| Alcohol drinking, % | 0.043 | ||||
| Yes | 86(25.1) | 79(19.7) | 58(18.9) | 76(17.1) | |
| No | 257(74.9) | 323(80.3) | 249(81.1) | 369(82.9) | |
| Cigarette smoking, % | 0.129 | ||||
| Yes | 38(11.1) | 44(10.9) | 20(6.5) | 38(8.5) | |
| No | 305(88.9) | 358(89.1) | 287(93.5) | 407(91.5) | |
| Number of meals per day | 2.95 ± 0.35 | 2.96 ± 0.33 | 2.93 ± 0.40 | 2.90 ± 0.46 | 0.124 |
| Diet time, % | 0.006 | ||||
| Regular | 309(90.1) | 358(89.1) | 293(95.4) | 416(93.5) | |
| Irregular | 34(9.9) | 44(10.9) | 14(4.6) | 29(6.5) | |
| Red meat consumption, % | 0.335 | ||||
| Decreased | 112(32.7) | 134(33.3) | 106(34.5) | 159(35.7) | |
| Unchanged | 217(63.3) | 255(63.4) | 181(59.0) | 261(58.7) | |
| Increased | 14(4.1) | 13(3.2) | 20(6.5) | 25(5.6) | |
| Seafood consumption, % | < 0.001 | ||||
| Decreased | 107(31.2) | 122(30.3) | 132(43.0) | 223(50.1) | |
| Unchanged | 215(62.7) | 254(63.2) | 154(50.2) | 203(45.6) | |
| Increased | 21(6.1) | 26(6.5) | 21(6.8) | 19(4.3) | |
| Vegetable consumption, % | 0.082 | ||||
| Decreased | 86(25.1) | 108(26.9) | 80(26.1) | 144(32.4) | |
| Unchanged | 241(70.3) | 273(67.9) | 209(68.1) | 268(60.2) | |
| Increased | 16(4.7) | 21(5.2) | 18(5.9) | 33(7.4) | |
| Fruit consumption, % | < 0.001 | ||||
| Decreased | 145(42.3) | 170(42.3) | 166(54.1) | 257(57.8) | |
| Unchanged | 189(55.1) | 227(56.5) | 132(43.0) | 178(40.0) | |
| Increased | 9(2.6) | 5(1.2) | 9(2.9) | 10(2.2) | |
| GNRI | 103 ± 9 | 101 ± 9 | 93 ± 8 | 92 ± 10 | < 0.001 |
| Malnutrition, % | < 0.001 | ||||
| Yes | 110(32.1) | 155(38.6) | 237(77.2) | 336(75.5) | |
| No | 233(67.9) | 247(61.4) | 70(22.8) | 109(24.5) | |
Abbreviations: SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, BMI body mass index, WC waist circumference, ADL activity of daily living, GNRI geriatric nutritional risk index