Table 1.
Cohort characteristics
| Alzheimer’s disease (N = 70) | Dementia with Lewy bodies (N = 29) | Mixed AD (+ CVD) (N = 8) |
Vascular cognitive dysfunction (N = 15) |
Healthy control (N = 48) |
P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 75.3 (7.1) | 76.2 (6.4) | 81.8 (3.3) | 78.5 (5.9) | 71.1 (7.8) | < 0.0011 |
| Sex, n (%) | ||||||
| Female | 33 (47.1%) | 4 (13.8%) | 4 (50.0%) | 5 (33.3%) | 30 (62.5%) | < 0.0012 |
| Male | 37 (52.9%) | 25 (86.2%) | 4 (50.0%) | 10 (66.7%) | 18 (37.5%) | |
|
MMSE total score, mean (SD) |
25.5 (2.7) | 26.2 (2.9) | 22.6 (2.8) | 26.5 (2.9) | 29.1 (1.1) | < 0.0013 |
| Educational level (years), mean (SD) | 11.8 (3.7) | 13 (4) | 13.3 (4.7) | 10.5 (2.9) | 15 (2.5) | < 0.0013 |
| Disease severity, n(%) | ||||||
| Mild cognitive impairment | 21 (30.0%) | 3 (10.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 8 (53.3%) | - | < 0.0012 |
| Mild dementia | 46 (65.7%) | 25 (86.2%) | 5 (62.5%) | 4 (26.7%) | - | |
| Moderate dementia | 3 (4.3%) | 1 (3.4%) | 3 (37.5%) | 3 (20.0%) | - | |
| Objective gait impairment, n (%) | ||||||
| No | 63 (90.0%) | 11 (37.9%) | 4 (50.0%) | 8 (53.3%) | 45 (93.8%) | < 0.0012 |
| Yes | 7 (10.0%) | 17 (58.6%) | 4 (50.0%) | 6 (40.0%) | 3 (6.2%) | |
| Subjective maximum walking distance (meters), mean (SD) | 6137 (3205) | 4598 (3473) | 1775 (1639) | 3314 (3303) | 7523 (3144) | < 0.0013 |
| Hypnotic medication, n (%) | ||||||
| Yes | 1 (1.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.6972 |
| Previous stroke, n (%) | ||||||
| Yes | 2 (2.9%) | 1 (3.4%) | 2 (25.0%) | 5 (33.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | < 0.0012 |
| Sedatives or analgesic medication, n (%) | ||||||
| Yes | 1 (1.4%) | 2 (6.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.1262 |
| Antidepressant medicine, n (%) | ||||||
| Yes | 6 (8.6%) | 4 (13.8%) | 1 (12.5%) | 3 (20.0%) | 3 (6.2%) | 0.4292 |
| Antipsychotic medication, n (%) | ||||||
| Yes | 1 (1.4%) | 1 (3.4%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (6.7%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.5192 |
| Antidementia medication, n (%) | ||||||
| Yes | 29 (41.4%) | 22 (75.9%) | 6 (75.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | < 0.0012 |
All variables had < 5 missing values. Frequency is calculated for participants without missing data
1ANOVA
2Fisher’s Exact Test
3Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test