Table 1.
The coronal, apical, and angular deviations following robot-assisted implant placement in the patient case series
| All cases | Coronal deviation (mm) | Apical deviation (mm) | Angular deviation (°) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Mean (± SD) | Median | P25 - P75 | Min - max | p - Value | Mean (± SD) | Median | P25 - P75 | Min - max | p - Value | Mean (± SD) | Median | P25 - P75 | Min - max | p - Value | |
| 152 | 0.51 (± 0.02) | 0.49 | 0.39 to 0.60 | 0.11 to 1.31 | 0.53 (± 0.02) | 0.52 | 0.41 to 0.63 | 0.10 to 1.33 | 1.05 (± 0.05) | 0.91 | 0.57 to 1.39 | 0.08 to 3.79 | ||||
| Type of jaw | ||||||||||||||||
| Maxilla | 96 | 0.50 (± 0.02) | 0.49 | 0.37 to 0.60 | 0.11 to 0.97 | 0.924 a | 0.53 (± 0.02) | 0.52 | 0.41 to 0.63 | 0.12 to 0.98 | 0.933 b | 0.99 (± 0.06) | 0.90 | 0.52 to 1.35 | 0.08 to 2.84 | 0.317 a |
| Mandible | 56 | 0.50 (± 0.02) | 0.49 | 0.39 to 0.59 | 0.12 to 1.31 | 0.53 (± 0.03) | 0.51 | 0.41 to 0.64 | 0.10 to 1.33 | 1.14 (± 0.10) | 0.93 | 0.65 to 1.46 | 0.08 to 3.79 | |||
| Region of jaw | ||||||||||||||||
| Anterior | 72 | 0.53 (± 0.02) | 0.51 | 0.40 to 0.63 | 0.18 to 0.97 | 0.078 a | 0.55 (± 0.02) | 0.53 | 0.43 to 0.64 | 0.10 to 0.98 | 0.067 a | 1.01 (± 0.07) | 0.94 | 0.51 to 1.47 | 0.08 to 2.84 | 0.614 a |
| Posterior | 80 | 0.48 (± 0.02) | 0.47 | 0.39 to 0.60 | 0.11 to 1.31 | 0.51 (± 0.02) | 0.49 | 0.38 to 0.63 | 0.12 to 1.33 | 1.09 (± 0.07) | 0.91 | 0.67 to 1.30 | 0.19 to 3.79 | |||
| Implant diameter | ||||||||||||||||
| < 4.8 mm (3.3 mm, 4.1 mm) | 118 | 0.51 (± 0.02) | 0.50 | 0.40 to 0.60 | 0.12 to 0.97 | 0.218 a | 0.53 (± 0.02) | 0.52 | 0.42 to 0.63 | 0.10 to 0.98 | 0.747 b | 1.00 (± 0.05) | 0.91 | 0.54 to 1.39 | 0.08 to 2.84 | 0.354 a |
| = 4.8 mm | 34 | 0.49 (± 0.04) | 0.47 | 0.39 to 0.56 | 0.11 to 1.31 | 0.52 (± 0.04) | 0.45 | 0.37 to 0.70 | 0.12 to 1.33 | 1.21 (± 0.14) | 0.95 | 0.72 to 1.44 | 0.33 to 3.79 | |||
| Implant length | ||||||||||||||||
| ≤ 10 mm (8 mm, 10 mm) | 87 | 0.50 (± 0.02) | 0.49 | 0.39 to 0.59 | 0.11 to 1.31 | 0.895 a | 0.52 (± 0.02) | 0.50 | 0.40 to 0.66 | 0.10 to 1.33 | 0.397 a | 1.21 (± 0.07) | 0.91 | 0.65 to 1.34 | 0.19 to 3.79 | 0.252 a |
| > 10 mm (12 mm, 14 mm) | 65 | 0.51 (± 0.02) | 0.48 | 0.38 to 0.60 | 0.18 to 0.97 | 0.54 (± 0.02) | 50.5 | 0.42 to 0.63 | 0.26 to 0.96 | 0.96 (± 0.07) | 0.88 | 0.47 to 1.44 | 0.08 to 2.62 | |||
| Distance from the most-distal natural tooth | ||||||||||||||||
| 1 st nearest | 15 | 0.51 (± 0.07) | 0.53 | 0.42 to 0.59 | 0.12 to 1.31 | 0.356 a | 0.54 (± 0.07) | 0.54 | 0.45 to 0.60 | 0.15 to 1.33 | 0.114 a | 0.69 (± 0.09) | 0.78 | 0.29 to 0.88 | 0.19 to 1.34 | 0.043 b |
| 2nd nearest | 9 | 0.40 (± 0.05) | 0.39 | 0.32 to 0.50 | 0.12 to 0.62 | 0.46 (± 0.06) | 0.42 | 0.41 to 0.60 | 0.15 to 0.75 | 1.30 (± 0.32) | 0.98 | 0.68 to 1.67 | 0.33 to 3.52 | |||
| 3rd nearest | 6 | 0.48 (± 0.02) | 0.47 | 0.45 to 0.52 | 0.40 to 0.55 | 0.38 (± 0.04) | 0.38 | 0.29 to 0.47 | 0.27 to 0.52 | 1.39 (± 0.32) | 1.32 | 0.72 to 1.91 | 0.52 to 2.74 | |||
| Clinical experience | ||||||||||||||||
| 1 st − 38th of the placed implants | 38 | 0.54 (± 0.02) | 0.51 | 0.42 to 0.66 | 0.19 to 0.87 | 0.014 a | 0.60 (± 0.03) | 0.55 | 0.49 to 0.76 | 0.25 to 0.98 | 0.001 a | 1.16 (± 0.10) | 1.10 | 0.62 to 1.55 | 0.19 to 2.84 | 0.061 a |
| 39th − 76th of the placed implants | 38 | 0.57 (± 0.03) | 0.53 | 0.43 to 0.72 | 0.12 to 1.31 | 0.58 (± 0.03) | 0.56 | 0.47 to 0.71 | 0.20 to 1.33 | 0.95 (± 0.08) | 0.91 | 0.54 to 1.30 | 0.08 to 2.44 | |||
| 77th − 114th of the placed implants | 38 | 0.46 (± 0.03) | 0.44 | 0.33 to 0.58 | 0.18 to 0.96 | 0.48 (± 0.03) | 0.46 | 0.37 to 0.56 | 0.10 to 0.98 | 1.25 (± 0.13) | 1.16 | 0.59 to 1.61 | 0.12 to 3.79 | |||
| 115th − 152th of the placed implants | 38 | 0.44 (± 0.03) | 0.47 | 0.35 to 0.57 | 0.11 to 0.79 | 0.46 (± 0.02) | 0.45 | 0.36 to 0.58 | 0.12 to 0.74 | 0.85 (± 0.07) | 0.78 | 0.47 to 1.22 | 0.18 to 1.88 | |||
Bold words represented significant differences (p < 0.05)
a represented the p value was calculated by Kruskal-Wallis test
b represented the p value was calculated by one-way ANOVA or T test