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. 2025 Aug 22;22:148. doi: 10.1186/s12978-025-02109-8

Table 4.

Frequency and percentages of statements about obstetric violence during the birth process according to subcategories (n = 21)

Categories Sub-categories N %
Dimensions of Obstetric Violence Physical Violence 17 80.9
Psychological Violence 18 85.7
Sexual Violence 4 19.1
Social Violence 12 57.1
Systemic/Structural Severity 10 47.6
Prevention of Participation in the Birth Process Not Included in the Decision Process 9 42.8
Loss of Control over the Body 12 57.1
Failure to Meet Professional Care Standards Failure to Provide Professional Care and Treatment 11 52.4
Routine Practices 14 66.6
Inadequate Information 16 76.2
Women's Emotional State after Obstetric Violence Trauma and Fear 18 85.7
Anger and Frustration 8 38.1
Happiness and Gratitude after Violence 4 19.1