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. 2025 Aug 23;25:880. doi: 10.1186/s12884-025-07954-w

Table 3.

Distribution of adverse pregnancy outcomes among different groups

GH (n = 45) PE (n = 47) sPE (n = 73) P-value
Fetal complications  < 0.01
 LBW 0 0 0
 Preterm birth 2 8 17
 IUGR 4 5 11
 Fetal distress 0 0 1
 Birth asphyxia 0 0 0
 Macrosomia 0 1 2
 NICU admission 0 3 1
Maternal complications
 Placental abruption 0 0 0
 HELLP syndrome 1 0 1
Multiple complications
 Preterm birth + IUGR/ 0 0 1
 Preterm birth + Placental abruption 0 0 1
 LBW + Preterm birth 0 1 4
 Fetal distress + NICU admission 0 0 1
 Birth asphyxia + NICU admission 0 0 1
 Preterm birth + Placental abruption 0 0 1
 Placental abruption + LBW 0 0 1
 LBW + NICU admission 0 0 1
 LBW + NICU admission + IUGR 0 0 2
 LBW + Preterm birth + IUGR 1 1 7

LBW low birth weight (Birth weight < 2.5 kg), IUGR intrauterine growth restriction, NICU neonatal intensive care unit, HELLP hemolysis elevated liver enzymes low platelet count

P-values were analyzed using the chi-square test