Table 1.
The summarization of the functional changes of senescent immune cells under different conditions
| Neutrophils | Macrophages | T cells | B cells | NK cells | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Inhibiting apoptosis | Sepsis [393] | ||||
| Dysregulation of phagosomal function | Cystic fibrosis (CF) [394] | ||||
| Secretion of exosome (piR-17560) | Breast cancer [395] | ||||
| Impairing phagocytic activity | Atopy [396] | ||||
| Higher phagocytic activity | Endotoxemia [397, 398] | ||||
| NETs formation | Endotoxemia [397, 398] | ||||
| Inflammation | Psoriasis [399] | Neuroinflammatory phenotype [400], Alzheimer’s disease (AD) [401], atherosclerosis [402], osteoporosis (SOP) [403, 404], obesity [405] | Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) [406], Severe infection [407], Brown adipose tissue [408], Elderly hypertension [409], Inflammatory bowel disease [410] | ||
| Secretion of grancalcin | Fracture [411] | ||||
| Expression of fibrosis-associated factors | Pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) [412–414] | ||||
| Production of Arginase-1 | Glioblastoma [415] | ||||
| Anti-tumor immunity | Melanoma [251, 416, 417] | ||||
| TCR signaling | Lupus [418, 419] | ||||
| Secretion of granzyme B (GZMB) and perforin-1 (PRF1) | Bacterial infection [420] (Increased) | Depression [421] (Decreased) | |||
| Delayed anti-virus ability | Systemic viral infection [83, 422] | ||||
| Reduced IL-7R expression | Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) [423] | ||||
| Decreased vaccine response | Obesity [424], HIV [425] | ||||
| Decreased IgA production | Ileum infection [426] | ||||
| Cytolytic activity | Chronic circadian disruption [427] |