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. 2025 Aug 23;25:1367. doi: 10.1186/s12903-025-06687-8

Table 3.

Influence of the type of OI on the fractal dimension in the study sample (n=66)

Variable Mean (±SD) Contrast test (ANOVA or Kruskal-W) Size effect R2
MILD OI (n=30) MODERATE OI (n=21) SEVERE OI (n=15) Statistics P-value
ROI 1 1.1242 (0.3075) 1.1282 (0.2877) 1.1588 (0.2018) ZKW=0.37 .831 .009
ROI 2 1.1770 (0.3657) 1.1436 (0.1617) 1.1489 (0.3659) ZKW=0.12 .941 .011
ROI 3 right. 1.2426 (±0.1884) 1.2795 (±0.1297) 1.2395 (±0.2002) F=0.34 .715 .011
ROI 3 left. 1.2518 (±0.1278) 1.2952 (±0.1441) 1.2082 (±0.2074) F=1.42 .250 .043
ROI 4 1.1550 (±0.1414) 1.1180 (±0.1476) 1.1268 (±0.1051) F=0.51 .604 .016
ROI 5 1.2531 (±0.1027) 1.2155 (±0.1073) 1.2772 (±0.1061) F=1.61 .207 .049