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. 2025 Aug 23;44:250. doi: 10.1186/s13046-025-03519-z

Table 1.

Inhibitors of the PD-1/PD-L1 signaling pathway

Name Target Research stage Indications
Nivolumab [16] PD-1 On the market NSCLC, melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, etc.
Pembrolizumab [18] PD-1 On the market NSCLC, melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, Hodgkin lymphoma, etc.
Cemiplimab [23] PD-1 On the market Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, NSCLC, basal cell carcinoma
Atezolizumab [20] PD-L1 On the market NSCLC, bladder cancer, triple-negative breast cancer, etc.
Avelumab [22] PD-L1 On the market Merkel cell carcinoma, urothelial carcinoma
Durvalumab [21] PD-L1 On the market NSCLC, bladder cancer, small cell lung cancer
Envafolimab [218] PD-L1 In clinical trials Soft tissue sarcoma, biliary tract cancer
Sintilimab [24] PD-1 On the market NSCLC, liver cancer, gastric cancer
Toripalimab [25] PD-1 On the market Nasopharyngeal carcinoma, melanoma, lung cancer