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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2026 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Drug Alcohol Depend. 2025 Apr 17;272:112671. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2025.112671

Table 3.

Total Economic Costs to HCS Intervention Communities (N=33) to Implement the Communities That HEAL Intervention, Overall and by Rural/Urban, Gross and Per Capita (2021 $US, January 2020 through June 2022)

CTH Component Total (Pop. = 4,411,601, N=33)
Rural (Pop. = 645,817, N=15)
Urban (Pop. = 3,765,784, N=18)
Unadjusted Per Capita b Unadjusted Per Capita Unadjusted Per Capita
Community Engagement 34,003,373 7.71 14,095,543 22 19,907,830 5.29
Paymentsc for Staff to Support Community Engagementd 14,259,751 3.23 6,395,719 9.90 7,864,032 2.09
Community Coalition Members e 6,506,139 (137,137) 1.47 (0.03) 2,414,497 (122,885) 3.74 (0.19) 4,091,643 (144,383) 1.09 (0.04)
Community Coalition MemberAssociates f 6,974,756 (157,048) 1.58 (0.04) 2,924,310 (151,725) 4.53 (0.24) 4,050,446 (164,419) 1.08 (0.04)
CTH Intervention Specialists g 3,559,622 0.81 1,224,460 1.90 2,335,162 0.62
Training and Technical Assistance 2,703,104 0.61 1,136,557 1.76 1,566,547 0.42
Communication Campaign 7,785,182 1.76 3,322,637 5.14 4,462,545 1.19
Paymentsc to Communication Campaign Partner (ORAU) 2,497,484 (13,552) 0.57 (0.003) 1,183,782 (11,210.316) 1.83 1,313,703 (15,009.185) .35 (0.004)
Communication Specialists 1,929,946 0.44 838,104 1.30 1,091,841 0.29
Community Coalition Members e 3,357,752 (79,634) 0.76 (0.09) 1,300,751 (74,688) 2.01 (0.12) 2,057,001 (83,532) 0.55 (0.02)
EBP Strategies Total 22,044,987 5.00 7,691,835 11.91 14,353,152 3.81
Paymentsc to Providers and Other Community Partners 20,746,357 (355,497) 4.70 (0.08) 7,552,338 (238,995) 11.69 (0.37) 13,194,019 (406,814) 3.50 (0.11)
Other Community Support 1,298,630 (124,951) 0.29 (0.03) 139,497 (16,297) 0.22 (0.03) 1,159,133 (166,460) 0.31 (0.04)
Total Paymentsc to Implement CTH 37,503,592 (437,863) 8.50 (1.00) 15,131,839 (340,071) 23.43 (0.53) 22,371,754 (489,162) 5.94 (0.13)
Total Other Opportunity Costsh to Implement CTH 26,329,949 (480,495) 5.97 (0.11) 9,978,177 (428,158) 15.45 (0.66) 16,351,772 (505,123) 4.34 (0.13)
Total Economic Costs to Implement CTH 63,833,541 (721,849) 14.47 (0.16) 25,110,015 (600,890) 38.88 (0.93) 38,723,526 (757,517) 10.28 (0.20)

Footnotes

a.

Standard errors (denoted by parentheses in the table) are bootstrapped (replications=1000) community estimates (overall or within-state) with one exception. The standard errors for cost estimates associated with Coalition Members and their Associates reflect multiple imputation (mi=30). As such, not all rows have standard errors.

b.

Per capita costs are calculated by dividing total costs (sum of community costs) by the total population (sum of community populations).

c.

Payments made by HCS to implement CTH.

d.

HCS funded staff for key CTH intervention roles, e.g., community engagement facilitators and data coordinators for non-research activities.

e.

Community Coalition Member time includes both meeting Coalition Meeting time and time spent between meetings supporting CTH.

f.

Community Coalition Member Associates’ time was spent on Community Engagement activities outside of meetings.

g.

Faculty members and other community subject matter experts who provided direct support for CTH implementation (excludes research related activities).

h.

In-kind resources and non-HCS financial support for CTH implementation