Table 3.
Distribution of PSQI and VAS-Sleep Scores of the Intervention and Control Groups
| Subscales | Measurement | Control Group | Intervention Group | ϢZ | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| X ± SD (Min - Max) | X ± SD (Min - Max) | ||||
| Subjective sleep quality | 1st measurement (1) | 1.70 ± 0.88 (0 - 3) | 1.40 ± 0.62 (0 - 3) | -1.461 | 0.144 |
| 2nd measurement (2) | 1.77 ± 0.94 (0 - 3) | 1.37 ± 0.61 (0 - 3) | -2.001 | 0.045* | |
| 3rd measurement (3) | 1.77 ± 0.90 (0 - 3) | 1.40 ± 0.62 (0 - 3) | -1.772 | 0.076 | |
| 4th measurement (4) | 1.57 ± 0.86 (0 - 3) | 1.23 ± 0.50 (0 - 2) | -1.609 | 0.108 | |
| Test Statistics | ΨX2=8.040, p=0.045* | ΨX2=10.200, p=0.017* | |||
| Sleep latency | 1st measurement (1) | 2.13 ± 0.90 (0 - 3) | 1.17 ± 0.95 (0 - 3) | -3.65 | 0.000* |
| 2nd measurement (2) | 2.03 ± 1.07 (0 - 3) | 1.30 ± 1.18 (0 - 3) | -2.413 | 0.016* | |
| 3rd measurement (3) | 2.00 ± 1.20 (0 - 3) | 1.07 ± 1.20 (0 - 3) | -2.697 | 0.007* | |
| 4th measurement (4) | 1.83 ± 1.18 (0 - 3) | 0.97 ± 1.07 (0 - 3) | -2.766 | 0.006* | |
| Test Statistics | ΨX2=3.777, p=0.287 | ΨX2=4.113, p=0.250 | |||
| Sleep | 1st measurement (1) | 1.93 ± 1.14 (0 - 3) | 1.80 ± 0.89 (0 - 3) | -0.883 | 0.377 |
| duration | 2nd measurement (2) | 1.90 ± 1.09 (0 - 3) | 1.83 ± 0.83 (0 - 3) | -0.589 | 0.556 |
| 3rd measurement (3) | 1.87 ± 1.04 (0 - 3) | 1.67 ± 0.96 (0 - 3) | -0.949 | 0.343 | |
| 4th measurement (4) | 1.80 ± 1.06 (0 - 3) | 1.63 ± 0.93 (0 - 3) | -0.893 | 0.372 | |
| Test Statistics | ΨX2=2.410, p=0.492 | ΨX2=11.333, p=0.010* | |||
| Habitual sleep efficiency | 1st measurement (1) | 0.93 ± 1.08 (0 - 3) | 1.50 ± 1.20 (0 - 3) | -1.836 | 0.066 |
| 2nd measurement (2) | 0.80 ± 1.10 (0 - 3) | 1.47 ± 1.20 (0 - 3) | -2.215 | 0.027* | |
| 3rd measurement (3) | 1.07 ± 1.26 (0 - 3) | 1.50 ± 1.17 (0 - 3) | -1.468 | 0.142 | |
| 4th measurement (4) | 1.07 ± 1.17 (0 - 3) | 1.37 ± 1.13 (0 - 3) | -1.073 | 0.283 | |
| Test Statistics | ΨX2=4.455, p=0.216 | ΨX2=2.178, p=0.536 | |||
| Sleep disturbances | 1st measurement (1) | 0.90 ± 0.31 (0 - 1) | 0.67 ± 0.48 (0 - 1) | -2.175 | 0.030* |
| 2nd measurement (2) | 0.90 ± 0.31 (0 - 1) | 0.83 ± 0.38 (0 - 1) | -0.753 | 0.451 | |
| 3rd measurement (3) | 0.93 ± 0.25 (0 - 1) | 0.83 ± 0.38 (0 - 1) | -1.196 | 0.232 | |
| 4th measurement (4) | 0.93 ± 0.25 (0 - 1) | 0.67 ± 0.48 (0 - 1) | -2.56 | 0.010* | |
| Test Statistics | ΨX2=3.000, p=0.382 | ΨX2=12.500, p=0.006* | |||
| Use of sleep medications | 1st measurement (1) | 0.30 ± 0.92 (0 - 3) | 0 | -1.762 | 0.078 |
| 2nd measurement (2) | 0.30 ± 0.92 (0 - 3) | 0 | -1.762 | 0.078 | |
| 3rd measurement (3) | 0.30 ± 0.92 (0 - 3) | 0 | -1.762 | 0.078 | |
| 4th measurement (4) | 0.30 ± 0.92 (0 - 3) | 0 | -1.762 | 0.078 | |
| Test Statistics | ΨX2=0.000, p=1.000 | ΨX2=0.000, p=1.000 | |||
| Daytime dysfunction | 1st measurement (1) | 0.90 ± 1.09 (0 - 3) | 0.37 ± 0.72 (0 - 3) | -2.077 | 0.038* |
| 2nd measurement (2) | 0.87 ± 1.01 (0 - 3) | 0.40 ± 0.77 (0 - 3) | -2.106 | 0.035* | |
| 3rd measurement (3) | 0.90 ± 0.99 (0 - 3) | 0.40 ± 0.81 (0 - 3) | -2.406 | 0.016* | |
| 4th measurement (4) | 0.83 ± 1.09 (0 - 3) | 0.30 ± 0.65 (0 - 2) | -2.23 | 0.026* | |
| Test Statistics | ΨX2=0.923, p=0.820 | ΨX2=3.600, p=0.308 | |||
| PSQI | 1st measurement (1) | 8.80 ± 3.93 (2 - 18) | 6.90 ± 3.21 (2 - 16) | -1.982 | 0.047* |
| Total | 2nd measurement (2) | 8.57 ± 4.33 (1 - 18) | 7.20 ± 3.60 (3 - 16) | -1.329 | 0.184 |
| 3rd measurement (3) | 8.83 ± 4.35 (1 - 18) | 6.87 ± 3.52 (2 - 16) | -1.996 | 0.046* | |
| 4th measurement (4) | 8.33 ± 4.4 (1 - 16) | 6.17 ± 3.14 (2 - 14) | -2.199 | 0.028* | |
| Test Statistics | ΨX2=3.232, p=0.357 | ΨX2=14.845, p=0.002* | |||
| 2>4, 3>4 a | |||||
| VAS- Sleep | 1st measurement (1) | 5.60 ± 2.49 (2 - 10) | 5.83 ± 1.98 (2 - 10) | -0.366 | 0.714 |
| 2nd measurement (2) | 5.47 ± 2.43 (2 - 10) | 5.80 ± 1.67 (3 - 9) | -0.817 | 0.414 | |
| 3rd measurement (3) | 5.30 ± 2.59 (1 - 10) | 6.03 ± 1.73 (3 - 9) | -1.398 | 0.162 | |
| 4th measurement (4) | 5.73 ± 2.12 (2 - 10) | 6.17 ± 1.82 (3 - 9) | -1.117 | 0.264 | |
| Test Statistics | ΨX2=3.750, p=0.290 | ΨX2=11.822, p=0.008* |
Ψ, Friedman Test; Ϣ, Mann Whitney U Test*p<0.05; a, Bonferroni Post-hoc Test; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index; VAS, Visual Analog Scale