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. 2025 Jul 11;15(16):8012–8030. doi: 10.7150/thno.112781

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Illustration of the molecular mechanisms and the bioimaging applications of fluorescent hypoxia probes. (A) Hypoxia-responsive activation utilizing FRET and ACQ for enhanced SNR. (B) Hypoxia-specific accumulation targeting hypoxia-induced enzymes or proteins. Adapted with permission from 106, copyright 2022 Springer Nature. (C) Oxygen-sensing luminescent mechanisms based on oxygen-sensitive metal complexes with long-lived emissions. Adapted with permission from 13, copyright 2022 Wiley. FRET: fluorescence resonance energy transfer; ACQ: aggregation-caused quenching; NTRs: nitroreductases; AzoRs: azoreductases; CAIX: carbonic anhydrase IX; SNR: signal-to-noise ratio; PLN, popliteal lymph node; SLN, sciatic lymph node; ILN, inguinal lymph node; LLN, lumbar lymph node.