Table 2.
Cell viability after incubation with UCNPs.
| UCNPs | Surface modification | Size (nm) | Zeta potential (mV) | Exposure time (h) | Concentration (μg·mL-1) | Viability | Cell line | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ba2GdF7:Yb,Er | PEG | 24±5 | 25.73 | 24 | 5000 | >85% | HepG2 | 163 |
| BaYbF5:Tm | PAA | 14.7±3.5 | -19.8 | 24 | 0.1-1000 | >90% | HepG2 | 370 |
| 48 | 0.1-1000 | >90% | ||||||
| NaYF4:Gd,Yb,Er | Citrate; 18F | 28.2 | 18.1 | 4 | 100-500 | >89% | KB | 371 |
| 24 | 100-500 | 81% | ||||||
| Lu2O3:Gd,Yb,Er | PEG | 85-130 | -0.65 | 48 | 1000 | >90% | MCF-7 | 372 |
| NaLaMgWO6:Yb,Er | - | 105 | - | 48 | 50-200 | 100% | WI⁃38 | 373 |
| NaGdF4:Tm,Er,Yb | Azelaic acid (carboxylic acid) | 25-60 | - | 4 | 62.5-500 | >90% | KB | 374 |
| 12 | 62.5-500 | >90% | ||||||
| NaGdF4:Yb,Er | PEI; Phycocyanin | 260.6±7.3 | 8.1±1.2 | 24 | 12.5-200 | >80% | RAW264.7 | 375 |
| 24 | 12.5-200 | >80% | HeLa | |||||
| NaYF4:Yb,Er | PEI; FA; | 7 | -55 | 24 | 750-12000 | 90% | HeLa | 376 |
| LaF3:Yb,Ho | PEG | 15 | - | 4 | 125-500 | 80% | KB | 377 |
| 12 | 125-250 | >80% | ||||||
| 24 | 125-250 | >80% | ||||||
| NaYF4:Tm,Yb @NaYF4:Nd,Yb |
SiO2; MMP2-sensitive peptide; CuInS2/ZnS quantum dot | 30 | - | 72 | 1-250 | 100% | Cal27 | 378 |
| 1-250 | >90% | FADU | ||||||
| 1-250 | >90% | OEC-M1 | ||||||
| NaLuF4:Yb,Er | Polypyrrole; PEG; DNA; DOX | 70 | 4.6 | 48 | 200-1000 | >80% | HEK293T | 379 |
| 200-1000 | >80% | HeLa | ||||||
| NaYF4:Yb,Tm | PEG; Metal-organic framework | 500 | - | 24 | 25-1000 | >90% | MCF-7 | 380 |
| K0.3Bi0.7F2.4:Yb,Er | SiO2; Polyvinylpyrrolidone; Methylene blue | 50 | - | 24 | 75-100 | 90% | C6 | 381 |
| Y2O3:Er,Yb | FA; SiO2 | 70±10 | -11.8±4.30 | 24 | 0.001-1 | >80% | HeLa | 219 |
| >80% | MDA-MB-231 | |||||||
| >80% | MCF-7 | |||||||
| NaYF4:Yb,Tm@NaYF₄ | 4T1 cell membrane; Semiconductor material | 110 | - | 24 | 25-150 | >90% | L929 | 382 |
| NaYF4:Yb,Er@NaYF4:Nd@NaYF4 | Hydrogen-bonded organic framework materials; PAA | 48.2 | -12.97 | 24 | 37.5-600 | >90% | 4T1 | 383 |
| NaYF4:Yb,Tm@NaYF4@NaYF4:Yb,Nd | SiO2; Covalent organic framework | 421.0±40.3 | 10.8±2.5 | 24 | 10-200 | 100% | BJ | 384 |
| 48 | 10-200 | 100% | BJ | |||||
| 72 | 10-200 | 110% | BJ |
PEG: polyethylene glycol; PAA: polyacrylic acid; PEI: polyethylene imine; FA: folic acid; MMP: matrix metalloproteinase; DOX: doxorubicin.