Table 6.
Applications of UCNPs in BC phototherapy.
| UCNPs | Beneficial molecules | Application | Results | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NaYF4:Yb,Tm@NaYF4 | Riboflavin | PDT | In SK-BR-3 xenograft mice, tumor volume inhibition rate reached 90% post-PDT; Treatment depth achieved 4-6 mm | 280 |
| NaYF4:Yb,Er,Gd@NaYF4 | RB | PDT | Under 980 nm light irradiation, SK-BR-3 cell death rate 67%; Dark toxicity 5% | 388 |
| NaYF4:Yb,Er/Tm@NaYF4:Yb@NaYF4 | Protoporphyrin IX | PDT | Experimental group tumor volume decreased 50% vs. control on day 15 | 281 |
| NaYF4:Yb,Er@NaYF4 | KillerRed | PDT | Achieved 70% PDT efficiency through 1 cm tissue; KillerRed showed 7% under identical conditions | 282 |
| NaYF4:Yb,Er | ZnPc | PDT | After 5 min 975 nm irradiation, SK-BR-3 cell viability reduced to 21.8%; MCF-7 cells showed slight decrease under identical conditions | 216 |
| NaYF4:Yb,Tm | Graphene quantum dots | PDT | 20 days post-treatment, 4T1 tumor inhibition rate reached 75.3% | 283 |
| NaGdF4:Yb,Er@NaGdF4:Yb,Nd@NaGdF4 | Porphyrins | PDT | Post-PDT, 4T1 cell viability reduced to 27.0%; Suppressed tumor growth over 14 days; 808 nm laser mitigated thermal damage risk during PDT | 284 |
| NaY (Mn) F4:Yb,Er | Chlorin e6 | PDT | 4T1 relative tumor volume increased to 2-3 times initial at 14 days, significantly lower than control group | 285 |
| NaYF4:Yb,Er | TTD | PDT | 1O2 yield was 36.4%, higher than mTHPC (31%); Targeted MDA-MB-231 cells with high integrin αvβ3 expression via cRGD peptide; After NIR irradiation, cell viability decreased to 28.3%, with negligible toxicity to MCF-7 and NIH 3T3 cells | 286 |
| NaYF4:Yb,Er@NaLuF4 | ZnPc | PDT | NIR irradiation reduced 4T1 viability to 38%; 12-day treatment significantly inhibited tumor growth; Material degraded to <6 nm NPs in vivo, excreted renally | 152 |
| NaYF4:Yb,Er | Gold shell | PTT | UCL/MRI dual-modal imaging enabled; With magnetic field near tumor, NP accumulation increased 8-fold vs. no field; Magnetically targeted NPs combined with 808 nm laser eliminated 4T1 tumor completely | 294 |
| NaYF4:Yb,Er | AuNPs | PTT | With 5-min NIR irradiation, MCF-7 cell viability reduced >60%. The 525/545 nm green emission ratio allowed ratiometric temperature sensing (25-50 °C) for monitoring | 295 |
| NaGdF4:Yb:Er | RB; IR825 | PTT-PDT | UCL/MRI dual-modal imaging enabled; Combined therapy significantly inhibited tumor growth | 297 |
| NaYF4@NaYF4:Yb,Er@NaYF4:Yb,Nd@NaYF4 |
RB; AuNPs | PTT-PDT | Combined therapy reduced the viability of MCF-7 cells to less than 40% | 298 |
| NaYF4:Yb,Er,Nd@NaYF4:Nd | AgBiS2 | PTT-PDT | 160 μg/mL NPs combined with 808 nm laser irradiation (3 min) induced near-zero 4T1 cell survival; 0.5 W/cm2 808 nm laser (10 min) raised tumor temperature to 56.3 °C, sustaining tumor inhibition for 14 days | 299 |
RB: rose bengal; ZnPc: zinc phthalocyanine; TTD: 2-(2,6-bis ((E)-4-(phenyl (40-(1,2,2-triphenylvinyl)-[1,10-biphenyl]-4-yl) amino) styryl)-4H-pyran-4-ylidene) malononitrile; mTHPC: meso-tetrakis (m-hydroxyphenyl) chlorin.