Table 2. Baseline characteristics of the study population (n=50).
p-values calculated using an independent t-test for continuous variables and a chi-square test (or Fisher's exact test for expected counts <5) for categorical variables.
BMI: body mass index, ASA: American Society of Anesthesiologists, COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, SD: standard deviation, g/dL: grams per deciliter
| Characteristic | Value n(%) |
| Age (years) | |
| - Mean ± SD | 58.4 ± 12.7 |
| - Range | 31–82 |
| - Age >70 years, n (%) | 12 (24) |
| Gender, n (%) | |
| - Male | 32 (64) |
| - Female | 18 (36) |
| BMI (kg/m²) | |
| - Mean ± SD | 23.6 ± 3.8 |
| - <18.5, n (%) | 5 (10) |
| - 18.5–24.9, n (%) | 29 (58) |
| - 25–29.9, n (%) | 13 (26) |
| - ≥30, n (%) | 3 (6) |
| ASA score, n (%) | |
| - I | 8 (16) |
| - II | 36 (72) |
| - III | 6 (12) |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | |
| - Hypertension | 18 (36) |
| - Diabetes mellitus | 12 (24) |
| - Coronary artery disease | 7 (14) |
| - COPD/Asthma | 5 (10) |
| - Others | 8 (16) |
| Tumor location, n (%) | |
| - Rectum | 21 (42) |
| - Sigmoid colon | 11 (22) |
| - Ascending colon | 8 (16) |
| - Descending colon | 6 (12) |
| - Transverse colon | 4 (8) |
| Clinical stage, n (%) | |
| - Stage I | 3 (6) |
| - Stage II | 21 (42) |
| - Stage III | 26 (52) |
| Neoadjuvant therapy, n (%) | 18 (36) |
| Hemoglobin (g/dL), mean ± SD | 11.2 ± 1.9 |
| Albumin (g/dL), mean ± SD | 3.6 ± 0.6 |