Table 1. Clinical and ultrasound characteristics in the training, internal validation, external validation and prospective cohorts.
| Characteristics | A retrospective dataset | Prospective cohort (n=50) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Training cohort (n=196) | Internal validation cohort (n=84) | External validation cohort (n=85) | P value | ||
| Age, mean±SD, months | 6.33±1.55 | 6.35±1.61 | 6.55±1.29 | 0.739 | 6.86±1.30 |
| Pressure, mean±SD, kPa | 12.03±0.73 | 11.99±0.96 | 12.06±0.92 | 0.622 | 12.01±0.85 |
| Size, mean±SD, mm | 30.62±3.66 | 30.38±3.93 | 30.30±5.20 | 0.770 | 30.75±3.60 |
| Gender, No. (%) | 0.322 | ||||
| Female | 77 (39.29) | 26 (30.95) | 35 (41.18) | 18 (36.00) | |
| Male | 119 (60.71) | 58 (69.05) | 50 (58.82) | 32 (64.00) | |
| Abdominal pain | 0.830 | ||||
| Negative | 118 (60.20) | 53 (63.10) | 54 (63.53) | 33 (66.00) | |
| Positive | 78 (39.80) | 31 (36.90) | 31 (36.47) | 17 (34.00) | |
| Paroxysms of crying | 0.600 | ||||
| Negative | 89 (45.41) | 35 (41.67) | 42 (49.41) | 33 (66.00) | |
| Positive | 107 (54.59) | 49 (58.33) | 43 (50.59) | 17 (34.00) | |
| Vomit | 0.165 | ||||
| Negative | 54 (27.55) | 20 (23.81) | 31 (36.47) | 10 (20.00) | |
| Positive | 142 (72.45) | 64 (76.19) | 54 (63.53) | 40 (80.00) | |
| Bloody stools | 0.363 | ||||
| Negative | 139 (70.92) | 58 (69.05) | 53 (62.35) | 32 (64.00) | |
| Positive | 57 (29.08) | 26 (30.95) | 32 (37.65) | 18 (36.00) | |
| Abdominal mass | 0.391 | ||||
| Negative | 160 (81.63) | 70 (83.33) | 75 (88.24) | 49 (98.00) | |
| Positive | 36 (18.37) | 14 (16.67) | 10 (11.76) | 1 (2.00) | |
| Fever | 0.098 | ||||
| Negative | 182 (92.86) | 71 (84.52) | 76 (89.41) | 44 (88.00) | |
| Positive | 14 (7.14) | 13 (15.48) | 9 (10.59) | 6 (12.00) | |
| Diarrhoea | 0.437 | ||||
| Negative | 187 (95.41) | 77 (91.67) | 79 (92.94) | 38 (76.00) | |
| Positive | 9 (4.59) | 7 (8.33) | 6 (7.06) | 12 (24.00) | |
| Nested position | 0.489 | ||||
| Right | 173 (88.27) | 78 (92.86) | 75 (88.24) | 41 (82.00) | |
| Left | 23 (11.73) | 6 (7.14) | 10 (11.76) | 9 (18.00) | |
| Lymphadenectasis | 0.676 | ||||
| Negative | 170 (86.73) | 76 (90.48) | 75 (88.24) | 48 (96.00) | |
| Positive | 26 (13.27) | 8 (9.52) | 10 (11.76) | 2 (4.00) | |
| Abdominal and pelvic effusion | 0.550 | ||||
| Negative | 162 (82.65) | 70 (83.33) | 66 (77.65) | 34 (68.00) | |
| Positive | 34 (17.35) | 14 (16.67) | 19 (22.35) | 16 (34.00) | |
| Symptom duration | 0.061 | ||||
| <24 hours | 128 (65.31) | 62 (73.81) | 48 (56.47) | 36 (72.00) | |
| ≥24 hours | 68 (34.69) | 22 (26.19) | 37 (43.53) | 14 (28.00) | |
| PLPs | 0.555 | ||||
| Negative | 183 (93.37) | 81 (96.43) | 79 (92.94) | 48 (96.00) | |
| Positive | 13 (6.63) | 3 (3.57) | 6 (7.06) | 2 (4.00) | |
Numerical data are presented as mean±SD, and categorical data as numbers (n%).
PLPs, pathologic lead points.