Table 3. Performance comparison of the clinical model, the DL model and the combined model for predicting surgical intervention in paediatric intussusception in children younger than 8 months.
| Models | Clinical | DL | Combined |
|---|---|---|---|
| Training cohort | |||
| AUC (95% CI) | 0.790 (0.7115 to 0.8680) | 0.895 (0.8442 to 0.9464) | 0.930 (0.8890 to 0.9717) |
| ACC | 0.770 | 0.832 | 0.847 |
| SEN | 0.653 | 0.735 | 0.898 |
| SPE | 0.810 | 0.864 | 0.830 |
| PPV | 0.533 | 0.643 | 0.638 |
| NPV | 0.875 | 0.907 | 0.961 |
| Internal validation cohort | |||
| AUC (95% CI) | 0.776 (0.6580 to 0.8933) | 0.828 (0.7259 to 0.9295) | 0.911 (0.8385 to 0.9826) |
| ACC | 0.750 | 0.774 | 0.893 |
| SEN | 0.591 | 0.727 | 0.773 |
| SPE | 0.806 | 0.790 | 0.935 |
| PPV | 0.520 | 0.552 | 0.810 |
| NPV | 0.847 | 0.891 | 0.921 |
| External validation cohort | |||
| AUC (95% CI) | 0.740 (0.6199 to 0.8600) | 0.793 (0.6797 to 0.9066) | 0.871 (0.7663 to 0.9762) |
| ACC | 0.588 | 0.753 | 0.906 |
| SEN | 0.905 | 0.524 | 0.905 |
| SPE | 0.484 | 0.828 | 0.906 |
| PPV | 0.365 | 0.500 | 0.760 |
| NPV | 0.939 | 0.841 | 0.967 |
ACC, accuracy; AUC, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve; DL, deep learning; NPV, negative predictive value; PPV, positive predictive value; SEN, sensitivity; SPE, specificity.