Table 3. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis of predictors of polypharmacy.
| Drug class | Cumulative polypharmacy (6-month window) |
Consecutive polypharmacy (6-month window) |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | |
| Sex | ||||
| Male (reference) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Female | 1.390 (1.381 to 1.399) |
1.391 (1.382 to 1.401) |
1.563 (1.545 to 1.580) |
1.484 (1.467 to 1.501) |
| Age group | ||||
| 65–69 (reference) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 70–74 | 1.107 (1.097 to 1.117) |
1.185 (1.174 to 1.197) |
1.256 (1.238 to 1.275) |
1.290 (1.270 to 1.309) |
| 75–79 | 1.134 (1.123 to 1.145) |
1.232 (1.22 to 1.245) |
1.317 (1.297 to 1.337) |
1.317 (1.297 to 1.338) |
| 80–84 | 1.022 (1.012 to 1.033) |
1.118 (1.106 to 1.130) |
1.177 (1.157 to 1.197) |
1.158 (1.138 to 1.179) |
| ≥85 | 0.744 (0.736 to 0.752) |
0.749 (0.741 to 0.758) |
0.798 (0.781 to 0.815) |
0.744 (0.728 to 0.761) |
| Fund | ||||
| Civil Servants (reference) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Rural | 0.296 (0.294 to 0.299) |
0.244 (0.242 to 0.246) |
0.183 (0.179 to 0.187) |
0.156 (0.153 to 0.160) |
| Iranian and Universal Health Insurance | 0.702 (0.695 to 0.709) |
0.731 (0.724 to 0.739) |
0.557 (0.547 to 0.566) |
0.601 (0.590 to 0.611) |
| Other Social Strata | 1.415 (1.394 to 1.436) |
1.277 (1.258 to 1.297) |
2.727 (2.691 to 2.764) |
2.448 (2.415 to 2.482) |
| Foreign Citizens | 0.254 (0.236 to 0.274) |
0.231 (0.214 to 0.249) |
--- | --- |
| Main anatomical groups (ATC-1) | ||||
| A (non-users as reference) | 11.308 (11.221 to 11.396) |
9.320 (9.246 to 9.395) |
46.471 (43.778 to 49.329) |
29.711 (27.985 to 31.544) |
| B (non-users as reference) | 10.475 (10.382 to 10.569) |
9.590 (9.502 to 9.679) |
11.745 (11.528 to 11.965) |
9.272 (9.098 to 9.448) |
| C (non-users as reference) | 12.322 (12.227 to 12.418) |
10.502 (10.419 to 10.587) |
32.427 (31.118 to 33.792) |
22.597 (21.681 to 23.553) |
| D (non-users as reference) | 2.825 (2.576 to 3.097) |
2.192 (1.995 to 2.409) |
2.620 (2.432 to 2.823) |
2.054 (1.9 to 2.221) |
| G (non-users as reference) | 4.841 (4.778 to 4.905) |
4.191 (4.135 to 4.248) |
3.646 (3.605 to 3.687) |
2.901 (2.867 to 2.936) |
| H (non-users as reference) | 7.257 (7.2 to 7.314) |
6.111 (6.061 to 6.161) |
4.972 (4.9 to 5.044) |
3.514 (3.462 to 3.566) |
| J (non-users as reference) | 6.964 (6.914 to 7.015) |
5.787 (5.743 to 5.831) |
8.422 (8.239 to 8.608) |
5.705 (5.579 to 5.834) |
| L (non-users as reference) | 4.652 (4.523 to 4.785) |
4.603 (4.473 to 4.737) |
3.005 (2.948 to 3.063) |
3.022 (2.961 to 3.084) |
| M (non-users as reference) | 6.779 (6.727 to 6.831) |
5.468 (5.424 to 5.512) |
6.625 (6.519 to 6.732) |
4.460 (4.387 to 4.534) |
| N (non-users as reference) | 9.903 (9.829 to 9.978) |
8.033 (7.971 to 8.096) |
17.764 (17.215 to 18.33) |
11.463 (11.106 to 11.832) |
| P (non-users as reference) | 5.963 (5.88 to 6.048) |
4.772 (4.705 to 4.841) |
3.777 (3.735 to 3.819) |
2.846 (2.813 to 2.88) |
| R (non-users as reference) | 9.175 (9.098 to 9.252) |
7.406 (7.343 to 7.470) |
7.829 (7.7 to 7.961) |
5.214 (5.125 to 5.304) |
| S (non-users as reference) | 2.564 (2.544 to 2.585) |
2.235 (2.216 to 2.253) |
3.258 (3.222 to 3.295) |
2.572 (2.542 to 2.601) |
Adjustment variables: age group, sex, fund and province.
A, alimentary tract and metabolism; ATC, Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification; B, blood and blood-forming organs; C, cardiovascular system; D, dermatologicals; G, genitourinary system and sex hormones; H, systemic hormonal preparations excluding sex hormones and insulins; J, anti-infectives for systemic use; L, antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents; M, musculoskeletal system; N, nervous system; P, antiparasitic products, insecticides and repellents; R, respiratory system; S, sensory organs.