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. 2025 Jul 28;15(16):8509–8530. doi: 10.7150/thno.118901

Figure 3.

Figure 3

In vitro blood-clotting performance. (A) The whole blood clotting time (WBCT) of the blank group, GM-Lap@PDA cryogel microspheres and Yunnan Baiyao (YB) power (n = 4). (B) Blood coagulation index (BCI) of the blank group, GM-Lap@PDA cryogel microspheres and YB power at 3 min (n = 3) (*p < 0.05 and ***p < 0.001). (C, D) APTT (Activated partial thromboplastin time) and PT (prothrombin time) of the blank group and GM-Lap@PDA cryogel microspheres (n = 3) (**p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001 vs the blank group). (E) In vitro coagulation status of the blank group, GM-Lap@PDA hydrogels and gelatin sponge after removal of supernatant at different time points. (F) The supernatant absorbance values of the blank group, GM-Lap@PDA hydrogels and gelatin sponge after coagulation at 0.5, 1, 2, and 3 minutes (n = 3). (G) The thromboelastogram (TEG) of the blank group, GM-Lap@PDAII hydrogel and gelatin sponge (n = 3). (H) SEM images of blood cell adhesion on the surface of GM-Lap@PDA cryogel microspheres and hydrogels.