Skip to main content
. 2025 Jul 28;15(16):8509–8530. doi: 10.7150/thno.118901

Figure 5.

Figure 5

In vivo hemostatic effect on rat liver volumetric defect, rat liver partial resection and rabbit liver cruciate incision models. (A) Hemostasis on rat liver volumetric defect: i) Schematic diagram of the rat liver volumetric defect; ii) Representative images of the hemostatic process in each group within 2 min; iii) Cumulative blood loss within 2 min in each group (the blank group, gelatin sponge (GS) and GM-Lap@PDAII hydrogel) (n = 4). (B) Hemostasis on rat liver partial resection: i) Schematic diagram of the rat liver partial resection; ii) Representative images of the hemostatic process in each group within 2 min; iii) Cumulative blood loss within 2 min in each group (the blank group, gelatin sponge and GM-Lap@PDAII hydrogel) (n = 4). (C) Hemostasis on rabbit liver cruciate incision: i) Schematic diagram of the rabbit liver cruciate incision; ii) Cumulative blood loss within 3 min in each group (the blank group, gelatin sponge and GM-Lap@PDAII hydrogel) (n = 3); iii) Representative images of the hemostatic process in each group within 3 min. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001.