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. 2025 Aug 22;15(8):e100546. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2025-100546

Table 1. Characteristics of participants.

Demographic characteristics Semistructured interview (N=15) Qualitative survey
(N=181)
Quantitative survey
(N=302)
Average age, years (SD) 42.5 (6.3) 36.5 (7.8) 35.3 (9.4)
Gender, n (%) Female: 6 (40%)
Male: 9 (60%)
Female: 93 (51%)
Male: 88 (49%)
Female: 156 (52%)
Male: 146 (48%)
Profession, n (%) Rehabilitation medicine specialists: 6 (40%)
General practitioners: 3 (20%)
Traditional Chinese medicine specialists: 3 (20%)
Sport medicine specialists: 3 (20%)
Rehabilitation medicine specialists: 94 (52%)
Traditional Chinese medicine specialists: 29 (16 %)
Sport medicine specialists: 19 (11%)
Health managers: 14 (8%)
Orthopaedist: 14 (8%)
General practitioners: 11 (6%)
Rehabilitation medicine specialists: 150 (50%)
General practitioners: 66 (22%)
Traditional Chinese medicine specialists: 37 (12%)
Health managers: 14 (5%)
Sports and fitness practitioner: 14 (5%)
Orthopaedist: 11 (4%)
Sport medicine specialists: 10 (3%)
Primary site of clinical practice, n (%) Public: 8 (53%)
Private: 7 (47%)
Public: 160 (88%)
Private: 16 (9%)
Both: 5 (3%)
Public: 274 (91%)
Private: 23 (8%)
Both: 5 (2%)
Have qualification certificate, n (%) 15 (100%)  39 (22%) 98 (33%)
Year range of clinical OA practice, n (%) 1–5 years: 8 (53%)
6–10 years: 7 (47%)
Less than 1 year: 18 (10%)
1–5 years: 53 (30%)
6–10 years: 34 (19%)
>10 years: 76 (42%)
Less than 1 year: 82 (27%)
1–5 years: 81 (27%)
6–10 years: 47 (16%)
>10 years: 92 (31%)
Education level, n (%) Bachelor degree: 6 (40%) College diploma: 13 (7%) College diploma: 49 (16%)
Master degree: 7 (47%) Bachelor degree: 114 (63%) Bachelor degree: 169 (56%)
Doctoral degree: 2 (13%) Master degree: 50 (28%) Master degree: 77 (26%)
Doctoral degree: 4 (2%) Doctoral degree: 7 (2%)

OA, osteoarthritis.