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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Aug 25.
Published in final edited form as: Ann Appl Stat. 2023 May 1;17(2):1592–1614. doi: 10.1214/22-aoas1684

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1.

Distributions of the absolute value of bias (left panel) and the coverage probability of Normal-approximated 95% confidence interval (right panel) for each estimator over 100 replications of the first simulation study. Each replication uses an independently-generated relative ascertainment which causes variation in the bias and coverage probability.