Table 1.

DKD related non-coding RNA

non-coding RNA changes	Mediators or Related Pathways	Effects	Reference(s)
miR-15b-5p upregulation	Targeting BCL-2	Promoting DKD progression and deterioration of renal function	96
miR-216a-5p upregulation	Inhibiting MAPK pathway	Promoting MC apoptosis	97
MiR-21 upregulation	Activating the TGF-β1/Smad3 pathway	Promoting MC hypertrophy	101, 102
miR-29 downregulation	Targeting ECM components	Promoting collagen expression and kidney fibrosis	103
LncRNA SOX2OT downregulation	Activating Akt/mTOR pathway	Promoting MC proliferation, and fibrosis gene expression	107
LncRNA DANCR downregulation	Inhibiting TGF-β/Smad signaling	Inducing extracellular matrix accumulation in HMCs	108
lncRNA MIAT upregulation	Modulating the miR-147a/E2F3 axis	Inducing mesangial cell proliferation and fibrosis	109
lncRNA XIST upregulation	Inhibiting miR-423-5p	Increasing MC proliferation in DKD	110
lncRNA SNHG14 upregulation	Inhibiting miR-424-5p	Promoting mesangial cell proliferation and ECM accumulation	111
LINC01232 upregulation	Attenuating miR-1250-3p	Attenuating MCs proliferation and fibrosis in DKD	112
CircRNA DLGAP4 upregulation	Inhibiting miR-143	Leading to proliferation and fibrosis of MCs	115