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Two different ways of lactylation generation. Kla exists in two classic forms, including KL-la and KD-la. L-lactate not only enters the nucleus to mediate histone lactylation but also modifies non-histone proteins through enzyme-catalyzed reactions. D-lactate modifies non-histone proteins through a non-enzymatic process. *Created with BioRender.com. Abbreviation: MCT: Monocarboxylate Transporter; LGSH: Lipoic Acid-Glutathione Conjugate; MGO: Methylglyoxal; GLUT: Glucose Transporter.
