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. 2025 Jul 28;21(11):5034–5055. doi: 10.7150/ijbs.116088

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Lactylation crosstalk with other post-translational modifications. The majority of post-translational modifications (PTMs) do not exist independently. Two or more different PTMs can interact, and their combined states can influence each other. (A-F)There is a high degree of similarity and a close relationship between lactylation and acetylation, and their crosstalk is an important process linking metabolism and epigenetics. (G-I)Lactylation and phosphorylation together regulate the direction of cell growth and differentiation. (J-L)Lactylation and phosphorylation also play crucial roles in disease progression. (M-O)Numerous studies have explored the crosstalk between lactylation and other PTMs. *Created with BioRender.com. Abbreviation: K_L-la: Lactylation; Kac: Acetylation; P: Phosphorylation; Me: Methylation; PDAC: Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma; PML: Promyelocytic Leukemia; PTM: Post-Translational Modification.