Figure 6.

Methods in lactylation research. The diagram presents various techniques employed for the detection, characterization, and functional analysis of lactylation. Gene editing and siRNA-mediated knockdown are used to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of lactylation. qRT-PCR and protein microarrays enable the analysis of gene and protein expression changes associated with lactylation. Western blot and immunological methods, including antibody-based detection, facilitate the identification of lactylated proteins. Mass spectrometry provides high-resolution characterization of lactylation sites and quantitative analysis. Flow cytometry allows single-cell analysis of lactylation-related changes, while bioinformatics tools support data interpretation and pathway analysis. Additionally, chemical labeling techniques enhance the detection and enrichment of lactylated proteins. Together, these methodologies provide a comprehensive toolkit for studying lactylation and its role in cellular processes. *Created with BioRender.com.