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. 2025 May 30;312(3):781–789. doi: 10.1007/s00404-025-08047-x

Table 3.

Comparison of maternal outcomes of women in the two groups

Diagnosed before pregnancy group (n = 242 cases) Diagnosed during pregnancy group (n = 173 cases) χ2 value P value
Gestational weeks (w)

38 + 0 (36 + 4, 38 + 6)

(n = 223)

38 + 1 (36 + 3, 38 + 6)

(n = 163)

− 0.171 0.864
Spontaneous abortion (n, %) 10 (4.13%) 2 (1.16%) 3.182 0.074
Induced labor (n, %) 7 (2.89%) 6 (3.47%) 0.110 0.740
Stillbirth (n, %) 2 (0.83%) 2 (1.16%) 0.115 0.735
Vaginal delivery (n, %)

57 (25.56%)

(n = 223)

45 (27.61%)

(n = 163)

0.329 0.566
Cesarean delivery (n, %)

166 (74.44%)

(n = 223)

118 (72.39%)

(n = 163)

0.007 0.933
Premature labor (n, %) 58 (23.97%) 44 (25.43%) 0.117 0.732
Gestational hypertension (n, %) 8 (3.31%) 8 (4.62%) 0.473 0.492
Preeclampsia (n, %) 68 (28.10%) 37 (21.39%) 2.405 0.121
Premature rupture of membranes (n, %) 51 (21.07%) 35 (20.23%) 0.044 0.834
Polyhydramnios (n, %) 7 (2.89%) 4 (2.31%) 0.132 0.717