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. 2025 May 30;312(3):781–789. doi: 10.1007/s00404-025-08047-x

Table 4.

Comparison of fetal outcomes of women in the two groups

Diagnosed before pregnancy group (n = 242 cases) Diagnosed during pregnancy group (n = 173 cases) χ2 value P value
Birth weight (kg)

3210.0 (2735.0, 3625.0)

(n = 223)

3350.0 (2750.0, 3915.0)

(n = 163)

− 1.837 0.066
Macrosomia (n, %) 26 (10.74%) 35 (20.23%) 7.242 0.007
Fetal malformation (n, %) 35 (14.46%) 27 (15.61%) 0.104 0.747
Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (n, %) 24 (9.92%) 18 (10.40%) 0.009 0.923
Neonatal transfer (n, %) 110 (45.45%) 86 (49.71%) 0.733 0.392
Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia (n, %) 115 (47.52%) 88 (50.87%) 0.452 0.501
Neonatal hypoglycemia (n, %) 13 (5.37%) 13 (7.51%) 0.789 0.375