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. 2025 May 27;312(3):691–719. doi: 10.1007/s00404-025-08055-x

Table 2.

Summary statistics of perioperative outcomes by energy device type and procedure

Procedures/perioperative outcomes Energy sources (pooled mean/standard deviation)
CM CB CE LS PK ENS ALAN MS TB HS CO2 laser
Laparoscopic hysterectomy
 Blood loss (mL) NA 193.52 ± 184.25 (n = 243) 170 ± 87.5 (n = 34) 100.2 ± 124.6 (n = 502) 200.91 ± 42.02 (n = 138) 98.59 ± 76.3 (n = 200) 114.40 ± 22.32 (n = 50) 160 ± 21.75 (n = 37) NA 148.25 ± 47.06 (n = 186) NA
 Mean operative time (min) NA 118.48 ± 29.06 (n = 243) 90.6 ± 30 (n = 34) 112.53 ± 61.43 (n = 395) 107.01 ± 48.03 (n = 138) 83.32 ± 32.6 (n = 200) 56.90 ± 12.45 (n = 50) NA NA 105.38 ± 22.39 (n = 186) NA
 Hospital stay (days) NA 3.55 ± 1.07 (n = 170) 3.3 ± 1.25 (n = 34) 2.24 ± 0.98 (n = 318) 4.28 ± 2.28 (n = 88) 1.4 ± 0.5 (n = 15) NA 4 ± 0.25 (n = 37) NA 1.85 ± 0.79 (n = 186) NA
Laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy
 Blood loss (mL) NA NAa NA NAa NA NAa NA NA NA NAa NA
 Mean operative time (min) NA 86.3 ± 35.34 (n = 80) NA 64.15 ± 12.02 (n = 20) NA 78.18 ± 33.96 (n = 80) NA NA NA 138.25 ± 23.41 (n = 20) NA
 Hospital stay (days) NA 2.17 ± 0.47 (n = 80) NA 2.17 ± 0.47 (n = 20) NA 2.01 ± 0.44 (n = 80) NA NA NA 2.0 ± 1.52 (n = 20) NA
Laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy
 Blood loss (mL) NA NA 231.5 ± 141.96 (n = 63) NA 196.8 ± 143.7 (n = 31) NA NA NA NA 194.2 ± 15 (n = 27) NA
 Mean operative time (min) NA NA 121.3 ± 53.45 (n = 63) NA 87.6 ± 28.1 (n = 31) NA NA NA NA 155.1 ± 16.25 (n = 27) NA
 Hospital stay (days) NA NA 3.61 ± 1.66 (n = 63) NA 3.2 ± 1.0 (n = 31) NA NA NA NA 3.6 ± 1.25 (n = 27) NA
Hysterectomy via transvaginal notes
 Blood loss (mL) NA 310.60 ± 220.60 (n = 35) NA 269.23 ± 232.47 (n = 36) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
 Mean operative time (min) NA 99.54 ± 31.96 (n = 35) NA 88.58 ± 30.21 (n = 36) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
 Hospital stay (days) NA 3.37 ± 0.77 (n = 35) NA 3.34 ± 0.54 (n = 36) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
Laparoscopic hysterectomy + lymph node dissection
 Blood loss (mL) NA 384.01 ± 471.01 (n = 72) 144.1 ± 170.6 (n = 77) 176.1 ± 78.2 (n = 34) 397.4 ± 275 (n = 38) NA NA NA 50 ± 57.5 (n = 25) 176.44 ± 95.45 (n = 97) NA
 Mean operative time (min) NA 198.01 ± 56.31 (n = 72) 132.37 ± 35.8 (n = 77) 134.2 ± 29.7 (n = 34) 171.8 ± 50.5 (n = 38) NA NA NA 85 ± 25 (n = 25) 155.54 ± 28.84 (n = 97) NA
 Hospital stay (days) NA 4.63 ± 3.45 (n = 72) 3.83 ± 1.28 (n = 77) 1.9 ± 0.9 (n = 34) 7.5 ± 2.5 (n = 38) NA NA NA 3 ± 0.75 (n = 25) 2.35 ± 1.26 (n = 97) NA
Colpotomy (total laparoscopic hysterectomy)
 Blood loss (mL) (during all TLH) 57.74 ± 27.12 (n = 59) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 41.67 ± 29.04 (n = 59) NA
 Mean operative time (min) 6.99 ± 1.44 (n = 59) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 9.03 ± 2.33 (n = 59) NA
 Hospital stay (days) 2.3 ± 0.6 (n = 59) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2.2 ± 0.5 (n = 59) NA
 Lateral thermal spread: distance (mm) 254.76 ± 8.25 (n = 59) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 204.47 ± 2.61 (n = 59) NA
Laparoscopic myomectomy
 Blood loss (mL) NA 212.99 ± 215.7 (n = 531) 189.8 ± 172.6 (n = 751) 192.44 ± 171.33 (n = 481) 190.4 ± 178.5 (n = 97) NA NA NA NA 208.3 ± 184.26 (n = 191) NA
 Mean operative time (min) NA 114.44 ± 51.66 (n = 531) 101.8 ± 43.1 (n = 751) 111.75 ± 42.06 (n = 481) 117.8 ± 37.1 (n = 97) NA NA NA NA 104.3 ± 47.74 (n = 191) NA
 Hospital stay (days) NA 2.57 ± 0.91 (n = 531) 2.57 ± 0.83 (n = 751) 2.10 ± 0.54 (n = 481) 2.7 ± 0.7 (n = 97) NA NA NA NA 2.11 ± 0.52 (n = 191) NA
Robot-assisted laparoscopic myomectomy
 Blood loss (mL) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 180.7 ± 218.13 (n = 151) 96.2 ± 115 (n = 85)
 Mean operative time (min) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 195.9 ± 56.5 (n = 151) 182.2 ± 60.3 (n = 85)
 Hospital stay (days) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 0.64 ± 1.31 (n = 151) 0.15 ± 0.39 (n = 85)
Salpingo-oophorectomy
 Blood loss (mL) NA 33.3 ± 65..7 (n = 49) NA 38 ± 69 (n = 51) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
 Mean operative time (min) NA 58.6 ± 23.2 (n = 49) NA 54.6 ± 29.6 (n = 51) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
 Hospital stay (days) NA 1.2 ± 1.5 (n = 49) NA 1.3 ± 2.2 (n = 51) NA NA NA NA NA NA NA

CB conventional bipolar, CE conventional electrosurgery, CM conventional monopolar, ENS EnSeal, HS harmonic scalpel, LND lymph node dissection, LS LigaSure, MS MarSeal, NA not applicable/assessed/available, NOTES natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery, PK plasmakinetic system, TB thunderbeat

aHeterogeneous outcome assessments across studies precluded pooled analysis