Skip to main content
. 2025 Jun 20;312(3):927–935. doi: 10.1007/s00404-025-08066-8

Table 1.

Exposure status

Vaper Vaper/smoker Smoker Control

• Reports vape use

• BCO ≤4 ppm

• Reports dual use

• BCO ≥ 5 ppm

• Reports cigarette smoking

• BCO ≥ 5 ppm

• Denies cigarette smoking or vaping

• BCO ≤4 ppm