Table 2.

Literature review on transurethral management of BD

Author	Year	Country	Study type	No. of patients	Associated with	Diverticulum size	Treatment	Energy source	Concomitant surgery	Reduction in BD size	Hospital stay (days)	Complications	Peak flow	Operative time(min)	PVR	Catheter days	Follow-up
Orandi [8]	1975	USA	Observational	17	BPH	NA	Fulguration only	Monopolar	NA	5/17 complete, 6/17 smaller, 3/17 improved	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	3 months
Clayman et al. [19]	1977	USA	Observational	Transurethral group = 6/11 diverticula alone + 5/11 with TURP) - (open group = 14/30 diverticula alone + 16/30 with open prostatectomy)	BPH and alone	2–14.9 cm	Fulguration and neck incision	Monopolar	TURP in 5, open prostatectomy in 16	TUR: 5/6 complete; open: 8/14 complete, 2/14 smaller	8 (TUR), 19.6 (open)	0 (TUR), 1 reflux + 3 fever (open)	NA	85 (TUR), 126 (open)	NA	3–5	3 months
Posta [9]	1977	Netherlands	Case series	10	BPH + sclerosis internal sphincter	NA	Resection of diverticulum neck	Monopolar	TURP	Curative in 8/10	NA	1 case epididymoorchitis	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Adachi et al.	1991	Denmark	case series	9 (8 male, 1 female)	BPH	2/9 Large (13.5 cm and 14 cm)	Endoscopic fulguration + TURP	Monopolar	TURP	84–97% reduction	NA	1 epididiymitis	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA
Yamaguchi et al. [20]	1992	Japan	Case series	31	NA	NA	Bladder neck resection + fulguration	Monopolar	NA	84% (26 pts), 60–90% in 5 pts	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	24 months
Pham et al. [12]	2016	USA	Case report	1	BPH + Retention	Very large	Endoscopic fulguration + TURP	Monopolar	No	Complete resolution	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	NA	6 months
Pacella et al. [11]	2018	Italy	Case series	39	BPH	7.5 ± 2.4 cm	Transurethral	Bipolar and Monopolar	8 TUIP, 31 TURP	>80% decrease in 30 pts (76.9%)	5 days	2 post-op fevers	NA	65 ± 21.9 min	NA	7 (5–13.5)	3 months
Pacella et al. [10]	2019	Italy	Comparative	33	BPH	7.5 ± 2.4 cm	Transurethral vs. Laparoscopic	Bipolar and Monopolar	TURP	>80% shrinkage: 15/20 (TUR), 13/13 (Lap)	5 (TUR), 4 (Lap)	2 Grade 3 (1 hematuria, 1 ureter injury)	NA	62.5 (TUR), 185 (Lap)	NA	NA	NA