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. 2025 Jul 8;40(8):959–968. doi: 10.1007/s10654-025-01262-5

Table 2.

Characteristics of study participants, N (%)

Characteristics Overall
(N = 2,749)
Age, mean (SD) 49.65 (8.58)
Body Mass Index (kg/m2)
 < 18.5 111 (4.0)
 18.5–23 1376 (50.1)
 ≥ 23 1261 (45.9)
 Missing 1 (0.0)
Marital status at diagnosis
 Single 208 (7.6)
 Married 1828 (66.5)
 Divorced 143 (5.2)
 Bereavement 66 (2.4)
 Missing 504 (18.3)
Education, ≥university 1320 (48.0)
Household monthly income ($)
 Less than 1,000 205 (7.5)
 1,000–2,000 330 (12.0)
 2,000–4,000 702 (25.5)
 4,000–6,000 515 (18.7)
 6,000 and above 489 (17.8)
 Missing 508 (18.5)
Job-status at diagnosis
 House-wife 830 (30.2)
 Employed 810 (29.5)
 Sick leaves 170 (6.2)
 Self-employed 303 (11.0)
 Retired 96 (3.5)
 Others 36 (1.3)
 Missing 504 (18.3)
Private insurance status
 Yes 2117 (77.0)
 No 127 (4.6)
 Missing 505 (18.4)
Smoking status, ever 219 (8.0)
Drinking status, current drinker 928 (33.8)
Physical Activities
 Inactive 761 (27.7)
 Minimally active 767 (27.9)
 Active 337 (12.3)
 Missing 884 (32.2)
Comorbidity
 Diabetes mellitus 100 (3.6)
 Hypertension 259 (9.4)
 Hyperlipidemia 270 (9.8)
 Cardiovascular disease 19 (0.7)
 Liver disease 39 (1.4)
 Pulmonary disease 22 (0.8)
 Gastrointestinal disease 143 (5.2)
 Cerebrovascular disease 9 (0.3)
 Chronic renal disease 9 (0.3)
 Thyroid disease 133 (4.8)
 Eye disease 38 (1.4)
 Others 118 (4.3)
Menopausal status
 Premenopausal 1582 (57.5)
 Postmenopausal 1161 (42.2)
 Missing 6 (0.2)
Stage
 non-NAC
 0 318 (11.6)
 I 1033 (37.6)
 II 607 (22.1)
 III 74 (2.7)
 Unknown 7 (0.3)
NAC
 pCR 409 (14.9)
 non-pCR 301 (10.9)
Type of surgery
 Total mastectomy 931 (33.9)
  Reconstruction (N = 494) 494 (18.0)
 Lumpectomy 1815 (66.0)
 Others 3 (0.1)
Axilla surgery
 SLNB 2212 (80.5)
 ALND 333 (12.1)
 No operation 204 (7.4)
Treatment
 Chemotherapy 1321 (48.1)
 Radiation therapy 2096 (76.2)
 Hormone therapy 2308 (84.0)
  Tamoxifen 1309 (47.6)
  Aromatase Inhibitor 848 (30.8)
  Gosereline 594 (21.6)
 Targeted therapy
  Herceptin 386 (14.0)
  Pertuzumab 315 (11.5)

Abbreviations: SLNB: sentinel lymph node biopsy; ALND: axillary lymph node dissection; NAC: neoadjuvant chemotherapy; PCR: Pathologic complete response