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. 2025 Jul 18;40(8):891–904. doi: 10.1007/s10654-025-01264-3

Table 3.

Description of the study population according to the data source

Data sources with women of childbearing age Data sources with pregnant women
Emilia Romagna
(Italy)
Norway Wales (United-Kingdom) Finland Haute-Garonne
(France)
Valencian Region
(Spain)
Study population 1,371,568 1,612,782 729,751 482,968 103,330 189,380
Median follow-up (years) 9.1 (4.5-11) 10.5 (5.5-12) 19.7 (14.5-22)1 2.5 (1.3-4.8) 1 (1-3) 1.3 (1.2-1.3)
Mean coverage 100% 100% 100% 79% 84% 96%
Number of women meeting the criteria of the 5 MS identification algorithms (N)
MS1 3,985 (0.29%) 7,351 (0.46%) 1,833 (0.25%) 1,140 (0.24%) 105 (0.10%) 220 (0.12%)
MS2 3,315 (0.24%) 7,106 (0.44%) 1,376 (0.19%) 1,012 (0.21%) 75 (0.07%) 123 (0.06%)
MS3 3,127 (0.23%) 6,586 (0.41%) 1,072 (0.15%) 893 (0.18%) 57 (0.06%) 93 (0.05%)
MS4 2,789 (0.2%) 7,193 (0.45%) 1,473 (0.20%) 954 (0.20%) 67 (0.06%) 200 (0.11%)
MS5 1,281 (0.09%) 7,057 (0.44%) 1,340 (0.18%) 951 (0.20%) 19 (0.02%) 45 (0.02%)
Maximum relative difference between two algorithms 67.8% 10.4% 41.5% 21.6% 81.9% 79.5%

1The length of follow-up for Wales considers the historical data available before the study period from 1998