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. 2025 Jul 2;40(8):915–923. doi: 10.1007/s10654-025-01267-0

Table 4.

Age stratified analyses of associations between current HC use and depression diagnosis (Care register for health care and register of primary health care visits)

15–19 years 20–24 years 25–34 years 35–49 years
Odds Ratio 95% CI Odds Ratio 95% CI Odds Ratio 95% CI Odds Ratio 95% CI
HC use = one redeemed prescription
HC use No HC Reference Reference Reference Reference
Current HC 0.89 0.79, 1.01 0.86 0.80, 0.92 0.93 0.88, 0.99 0.94 0.86, 1.03
CHC 0.88 0.78, 1.00 0.82 0.76, 0.89 0.88 0.82, 0.95 0.87 0.77, 0.97
EE containing CHCs 0.97 0.85, 1.11 0.82 0.76, 0.89 0.87 0.80, 0.94 0.85 0.74, 0.98
Estradiol containing CHCs 0.64 0.51, 0.81 0.82 0.71, 0.94 0.94 0.82, 1.08 0.90 0.75, 1.09
Progestin-only 0.96 0.75, 1.21 0.99 0.87, 1.12 1.09 0.98, 1.20 1.04 0.92, 1.18
HC use = two redeemed prescriptions
No HC
Current HC 0.86 0.75, 0.99 0.83 0.77, 0.90 0.89 0.83, 0.96 0.97 0.87, 1.07
CHC 0.86 0.74, 0.99 0.81 0.74, 0.88 0.85 0.78, 0.92 0.88 0.77, 1.01
EE containing CHCs 0.96 0.81, 1.13 0.81 0.74, 0.89 0.85 0.78, 0.94 0.85 0.72, 1.01
Estradiol containing CHCs 0.65 0.49, 0.85 0.80 0.69, 0.94 0.84 0.72, 0.99 0.93 0.75, 1.15
Progestin-only 0.86 0.63, 1.19 0.94 0.80, 1.10 1.03 0.90, 1.17 1.09 0.94, 1.26

HC use defined as one redeemed prescription (upper part) or two redeemed prescriptions (bottom part). Analyses are controlled for marital status, socioeconomic status, education, recent delivery and recent psychiatric hospitalization

CHC combined hormonal contraception, EE ethinylestradiol, HC hormonal contraception