Table 2.
Model estimated marginal means (± standard error) in DGI component and subcomponent scores for participants completing the 3-month dietary intervention (n = 104). Covariates in the model; age, sex, and baseline BMI
| Dietary guideline index (DGI) components (score range) | Baseline (EMM ± SE) | 3-month (EMM ± SE) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Energy intake (kJ/day) | 9120.9 ± 174.4 | 5821.58 ± 176.0 | < 0.001 |
| 1. Food variety (0–10) | 3.6 ± 0.1 | 3.6 ± 0.1 | 0.869 |
| 2. Vegetables (0–10) | 5.5 ± 0.2 | 7.0 ± 0.2 | < 0.001 |
| 3. Fruit (0–10) | 5.1 ± 0.3 | 5.9 ± 0.3 | 0.029 |
| 4. Grain (cereal) (0–5) | 4.2 ± 0.1 | 3.2 ± 0.1 | < 0.001 |
| 4a. Mostly wholegrain (0–5) | 1.2 ± 0.2 | 2.3 ± 0.2 | < 0.001 |
| 5. Lean meats & alternatives (0–10) | 6.0 ± 0.2 | 7.5 ± 0.2 | < 0.001 |
| 6. Dairy & alternatives (0–5) | 3.0 ± 0.1 | 2.7 ± 0.1 | 0.093 |
| 6a. Reduced-fat dairy (0–5) | 0.05 ± 0.1 | 1.0 ± 0.1 | < 0.001 |
| 7. Fluid intake (0–5) | 3.8 ± 0.1 | 3.4 ± 0.1 | 0.004 |
| 7a. Proportion water to total fluid (0–5) | 3.9 ± 0.2 | 3.5 ± 0.2 | 0.051 |
| Total core food components (0–70) | 36.3 ± 0.8 | 40.2 ± 0.8 | < 0.001 |
| 8. Moderate unsaturated spreads and oils (0–10) | 2.0 ± 0.4 | 2.0 ± 0.4 | 1.000 |
| 9. Limit discretionary intake (0–30) | 4.3 ± 1.1 | 23.9 ± 1.1 | < 0.001 |
| 10. Limit alcohol (0–10) | 6.8 ± 0.4 | 9.3 ± 0.4 | < 0.001 |
| Total non-core food components (0–50) | 13.2 ± 1.3 | 35.3 ± 1.3 | < 0.001 |
| Total DGI (0–120) | 49.5 ± 1.7 | 75.5 ± 1.7 | < 0.001 |
BMI, body mass index; DGI, dietary guideline index; EMM, estimated marginal means; SE, standard error.