Table 3.
Bispecific antibodies for Extramedullary Disease in Multiple Myeloma
| Target Antigen |
Patient group | Patient (n)/ EMD (n) | Study Type | Agent Name | Line of previous treatment | Efficacy | Survival | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| BCMA × CD3 | RRMM | 165 (28) |
Multi-center phase 1/2 clinical trial (MajesTEC-1; Cohort A) |
Teclistamab | median 5 |
EMD vs. non-EMD: ORR: 35.7%, 68.6% |
ND | [88] |
| BCMA × CD3 | RRMM |
26 (9) (EM-E: 9) |
Multi-center phase 2 clinical trial (MajesTEC-1) | Teclistamab | median 5 | EMD: ORR:66.7% | ND | [92] |
| BCMA × CD3 | RRMM | 40 (12) |
Multi-center phase 1/2 clinical trial (MajesTEC-1; Cohort C) |
Teclistamab | median: 6 | EMD vs. all patients: ORR: 58.3%, 52.5% | ND | [93] |
| BCMA × CD3 | RRMM | 123 (43) |
Multi-center retrospective analysis (Germany) |
Teclistamab | median 6 |
EMD vs. non-EMD: ORR: 37.2%, 72.6% |
EMD vs. non-EMD: mPFS: 2.1 months, NR | [89] |
| BCMA × CD3 | RRMM | 110 (48) |
Multi-center retrospective analysis (USA) |
Teclistamab | median 6 | EMD vs. non-EMD: ORR: 43%, 58% | ND | [90] |
| BCMA × CD3 | RRMM | 123 (39) |
Multi-center phase 2 clinical trial (MagnetisMM-3) |
Elranatamab | median 5 | EMD vs. non-EMD: ORR: 38.5%, 71.4% |
EMD vs. non-EMD: 15 months PFS rate: 77.9%, 70.6% |
[91] |
| GPRC5D × CD3 | RRMM | 232 (57) | Multi-center phase 1 clinical trial (MonumenTAL-1) | Talquetamab | median 6 | EMD: ORR: 40–45.5% | ND | [87] |
| GPRC5D × CD3 | RRMM |
138 (60) (EM-E: 46) |
Multi-center retrospective study (Germany) |
Talquetamab | median 6 | EM-E: ≥ PR: [OR] = 0.30 |
EM-E: PFS: [HR] = 3.71; EM-E: OS: [HR] = 2.37 |
[94] |
| GPRC5D × CD3 | RRMM | 375 (99) | Multi-center phase 1 clinical trial (MonumenTAL-1) | Talquetamab | median 5 |
EM-E vs. non-EM-E: ORR: 0.4 mg/kg, QW: 48%, 82%; 0.8 mg/kg Q2W: 41%, 80% |
ND | [95] |
| BCMA × CD3, GPRC5D × CD3 | RRMM | 94 (34) |
Multi-center phase 1b/2 clinical trial (RedirecTT-1 trial) |
Teclistamab + Talquetamab |
median 4 | EMD vs. all patients: ORR: 61%, 80% |
EMD vs. all patients: 18 months PFS rate: 82%, 86% |
[37] |
Abbreviations: EMD, extramedullary disease; RRMM, relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma; EM-E, extramedullary extraosseous; ORR, overall response rate; PR, partial response; PFS, progression-free survival; mPFS, median progression-free survival; ND, no data; NR, not reached; BCMA, B-cell maturation antigen; GPRC5D, class C G protein-coupled receptor member 5D; QW, weekly; Q2W, biweekly; HR, hazard ratio; OR, odds ratio