Table 2.

Hereditary tumor syndromes associated with breast cancer

Hereditary cancer syndrome	Susceptibility gene	Inheritance pattern	Affected site
Hereditary breast-ovarian cancer syndrome [30]	BRCA1、BRCA2	Autosomal dominant inheritance	Breast cancer, ovarian cancer
Cowden syndrome [31]	PTEN、MMAC1、TEP1	Autosomal dominant inheritance	Multiple colonic hamartomas, breast cancer, thyroid cancer
Li-Fraumeni syndrome [32]	TP53	Autosomal dominant inheritance	Breast cancer, soft tissue sarcoma, osteosarcoma, brain tumor, leukemia, adrenocortical carcinoma
Lynch syndrome [33]	MLH1、MSH2、MSH6、PMS2、EPCAM	Autosomal dominant inheritance	Susceptibility to colon cancer, endometrial cancer, and rarer cancers such as those of the urinary tract, ovaries, small intestine, stomach, liver, and biliary tract
Hereditary diffuse gastric cancer	CDH1 [34]、CTNNA1 [35]	Autosomal dominant inheritance	Diffuse gastric cancer, lobular breast cancer
Peutz–Jeghers syndrome [36]	LKB1/STK11	Autosomal dominant inheritance	Gastric cancer, breast cancer, pancreatic cancer