. 2025 Aug 23;12(1):90. doi: 10.1186/s40643-025-00931-3

Table 2.

Fatty acid composition of the lipid part in insoluble protein fraction, reported as % of total fatty acids. Mean values ± standard deviation is shown. Different letters indicate significant differences (p < 0.05)

Fatty acid	Control	300 W	450 W	600 W
14:0	5.41 ± 0.02^a	5.58 ± 0.02^ab	5.61 ± 0.01^b	5.58 ± 0.02^ab
14:1	0.16 ± 0.12^a	0.09 ± 0.04^ab	0.03 ± 0.02^a	0.07 ± 0.01^ab
16:0	18.44 ± 0.03^a	19.32 ± 0.02^b	19.38 ± 0.02^b	19.18 ± 0.00^b
16:1 (n-7)	3.84 ± 0.02^ab	3.69 ± 0.02^a	4.01 ± 0.02^b	3.99 ± 0.02^b
18:0	4.15 ± 0.02^a	4.36 ± 0.00^a	4.42 ± 0.01^a	4.23 ± 0.01^a
18:1 (n-9)	15.86 ± 0.05^a	16.21 ± 0.01^ab	16.49 ± 0.00^ab	17.38 ± 0.05^b
18:1 (n-7)	3.21 ± 0.01^a	3.12 ± 0.01^a	3.33 ± 0.00^a	3.34 ± 0.01^a
18:2 (n-6)	1.47 ± 0.04^a	1.51 ± 0.01^a	1.44 ± 0.00^a	1.48 ± 0.00^a
18:3 (n-3)	1.19 ± 0.01^a	1.15 ± 0.00^a	1.14 ± 0.01^a	1.19 ± 0.00^a
18:4 (n-3)	2.75 ± 0.01^b	2.59 ± 0.00^a	2.53 ± 0.00^a	2.62 ± 0.01^ab
20:0	0.22 ± 0.01^a	0.21 ± 0.00^a	0.21 ± 0.01^a	0.21 ± 0.01^a
20:1 (n-9)	7.27 ± 0.06^a	7.32 ± 0.02^ab	7.58 ± 0.05^b	7.62 ± 0.03^b
20:2 (n-6)	0.25 ± 0.00^a	0.27 ± 0.01^a	0.26 ± 0.01^a	0.26 ± 0.01^a
20:4 (n-6)	0.67 ± 0.01^b	0.66 ± 0.01^b	0.63 ± 0.01^ab	0.56 ± 0.01^a
20:3 (n-3)	0.19 ± 0.01^a	0.36 ± 0.12^b	0.18 ± 0.00^a	0.20 ± 0.01^a
20:5 (n-3)	6.85 ± 0.04^b	5.95 ± 0.01^ab	6.08 ± 0.03^ab	5.89 ± 0.04^a
22:0	0.05 ± 0.08	-	-	-
22:1 (n11 + 13)	11.09 ± 0.15^a	11.35 ± 0.05^ab	11.54 ± 0.10^b	11.41 ± 0.06^b
22:1 (n-9)	0.99 ± 0.03^a	1.02 ± 0.00^ab	1.09 ± 0.02^b	1.04 ± 0.01^ab
22:5 (n-3)	1.31 ± 0.02^b	1.19 ± 0.01^ab	1.18 ± 0.01^ab	1.13 ± 0.01^a
22:6 (n-3)	13.42 ± 0.09^c	12.62 ± 0.03^b	11.59 ± 0.08^ab	11.41 ± 0.08^a
24:1	1.23 ± 0.01^a	1.41 ± 0.01^b	1.3 ± 0.01^ab	1.22 ± 0.02^a
MUFA¹	43.64 ± 5.32^a	44.2 ± 5.44^a	45.37 ± 5.54^a	46.07 ± 5.76^a
PUFA²	28.1 ± 4.2^b	26.3 ± 3.88^ab	25.03 ± 3.61^ab	24.74 ± 3.55^a
SFA³	28.27 ± 6.69^a	29.47 ± 7.01^a	29.62 ± 7.03^a	29.2 ± 6.96^a
Lipid nutritional quality indexes
Ratio ω-6:ω-3	1:10.2	1:9.3	1:9.2	1:9.3
AI⁴	0.56	0.59	0.59	0.59
TI⁵	0.25	0.29	0.29	0.29
HH⁶	1.68	1.55	1.52	1.55

¹MUFA: monounsaturated fatty acids; ²PUFA: polyunsaturated fatty acids; ³SFA: saturated fatty acids; ⁴AI: atherogenicity index; ⁵TI: thrombogenicity index; ⁶HH: hypocholesterolemic fatty acid ratio