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. 2025 Aug 23;12(1):90. doi: 10.1186/s40643-025-00931-3

Table 4.

Amino acid composition of insoluble protein fraction. Mean values ± standard deviation is shown (no significant differences Amoung the treatments at p < 0.05)

Amino acids (mg/g) Control 300 W 450 W 600 W
Aspartic acid 47.79 ± 9.63 50.15 ± 9.23 44.36 ± 8.08 41.25 ± 15.53
Glutamic acid 56.59 ± 11.94 60.02 ± 11.60 52.60 ± 10.20 50.28 ± 19.26
Asparagine 0.05 ± 0.02 0.00 ± 0.01 0.02 ± 0.00 0.02 ± 0.02
Histidine 14.38 ± 2.24 8.94 ± 4.22 11.02 ± 2.35 11.51 ± 4.24
Serine 16.41 ± 4.00 18.91 ± 4.10 15.92 ± 3.21 14.50 ± 5.92
Glutamine 0.32 ± 0.05 0.37 ± 0.10 0.43 ± 0.07 0.23 ± 0.06
Glycine/Arginine 60.47 ± 15.25 68.26 ± 14.36 62.22 ± 11.92 53.32 ± 24.77
Threonine 21.75 ± 4.45 23.65 ± 5.39 19.24 ± 3.74 19.14 ± 7.67
Alanine 27.08 ± 5.93 28.60 ± 5.59 25.56 ± 4.73 22.78 ± 9.43
Tyrosine 14.96 ± 4.66 17.49 ± 4.50 14.99 ± 4.38 14.62 ± 5.96
Aminobutyric acid 0.55 ± 0.60 0.60 ± 0.32 0.47 ± 0.17 0.49 ± 0.30
Methionine 14.35 ± 3.07 15.87 ± 2.82 13.49 ± 2.98 13.30 ± 5.33
Valine 29.65 ± 5.53 30.90 ± 4.94 27.40 ± 4.96 24.66 ± 9.52
Phenylalanine 25.07 ± 4.81 27.18 ± 4.90 23.88 ± 4.66 21.05 ± 8.93
Isoleucine 26.43 ± 4.73 28.10 ± 4.50 24.86 ± 4.67 22.91 ± 8.35
Leucine 40.00 ± 7.94 42.63 ± 7.62 37.50 ± 7.26 34.35 ± 12.88
Lysine 36.38 ± 8.27 41.40 ± 7.87 35.49 ± 6.76 33.48 ± 13.31
Inline graphicESAAs1 208.47 ± 15.55 218.67 ± 15.61 192.88 ± 13.96 180.40 ± 26.24
Inline graphicNESAAs2 224.20 ± 23.26 244.40 ± 22.23 212.86 ± 19.06 197.50 ± 37.22
Inline graphicTAAs3 432.67 ± 17.12 463.07 ± 27.16 405.74 ± 23.63 377.90 ± 45.54
Hydrophobic4 159.71 ± 14.33 173.28 ± 13.64 127.13 ± 13.08 116.27 ± 23.64

1ESAAs: essential amino acids; 2NESAAs: non-essential amino acids; 3TAAs: total amino acids; 4Hydrophobic: sum of alanine, tyrosine, methionine, valine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, and leucine