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. 2025 Jul 28;16(11):3464–3472. doi: 10.7150/jca.114223

Table 1.

The characteristics of patients with and without CIDC.

Overall
(N=218913)
CIDC
(N=72971)
Control
(N=145942)
p-value
Gender, n (%)
Male 132675(60.61) 44255(60.61) 88450(60.61) 1.0000
Female 86238(39.39) 28746(39.39) 57492(39.39)
Age group, n (%)
<50 25066(11.45) 8369(11.47) 16697(11.44) 0.9628
50-65 36325(16.59) 12090(16.57) 24235(16.61)
≧65 157522(71.96) 52512(71.96) 105010(71.95)
Comorbidity, n (%)
Hypertension
Yes 78426(35.83) 26378(36.15) 52048(35.66) 0.0256
No 140487(64.17) 46593(63.85) 93894(64.34)
Hyperlipidemia
Yes 18370(8.39) 4895(6.71) 13475(9.23) <0.0001
No 200543(91.61) 68076(93.29) 132467(90.77)
CKD
Yes 1253(0.57) 422(0.58) 831(0.57) 0.7945
No 217660(99.43) 72549(99.42) 145111(99.43)
COPD
Yes 20961(9.58) 7606(10.42) 13355(9.15) <0.0001
No 197952(90.42) 65365(89.58) 132587(90.85)
Liver disease
Yes 11248(5.14) 3790(5.19) 7458(5.11) 0.4036
No 207665(94.86) 69181(94.81) 138484(94.89)
Complication, n (%)
BHP <0.0001
Yes 36821(16.82) 19300(26.45) 17521(12.01)
No 182092(83.18) 53671(73.55) 128421(87.99)
UTI <0.0001
Yes 55311(25.27) 42286(57.95) 13025(8.92)
No 163602(74.73) 30685(42.05) 132917(91.08)
Urinary Tract Stones <0.0001
Yes 4530(2.07) 3143(4.31) 1387(0.95)
No 214383(97.93) 69828(95.69) 144555(99.05)
Bladder cancer, n (%) 1129(0.52) 801(1.10) 328(0.22) <0.0001
Time to event (year), mean±SD 3.01±2.88 2.63±2.80 3.95±2.87 <0.0001
Death, n (%) 93429(42.68) 41892(57.41) 51537(35.31) <0.0001

*Patients with CIDC and those without were 1:2 matched by age, sex, and index date.

CIDC: chronic indwelling catheter; CKD: chronic kidney disease; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; BPH: benign prostatic hyperplasia; UTI: urinary tract infections; SD: standard deviation.