Skip to main content
. 2025 Jul 28;16(11):3464–3472. doi: 10.7150/jca.114223

Table 3.

The risk of bladder cancer in CIDC patients and non-CIDC patients.

Crude HR (95% C.I.) p-value Adjusted HR (95% C.I.) p-value
CIDC, yes vs. no 5.73(4.93-6.66) <0.0001 5.16(4.35-6.13) <0.0001
Comorbidity
Hypertension 1.14(0.96-1.34) 0.1315 1.21(0.97-1.51) 0.0982
Hyperlipidemia 0.90(0.70-1.17) 0.4360 1.08(0.77-1.51) 0.6646
CKD 3.49(1.02-11.93) 0.0459 2.53(0.50-12.97) 0.2646
COPD 0.86(0.65-1.14) 0.2920 0.73(0.51-1.04) 0.0800
Liver disease 0.90(0.62-1.29) 0.5591 1.07(0.67-1.7) 0.7806
Complication
BHP 3.21(2.64-3.91) <0.0001 1.92(1.50-2.45) <0.0001
UTI 3.25(2.68-3.94) <0.0001 1.02(0.79-1.32) 0.8840
Urinary Tract Stones 4.60(3.02-7.00) <0.0001 2.58(1.52-4.37) 0.0004

* CIDC: chronic indwelling catheter; CKD: chronic kidney disease; COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; BPH: benign prostatic hyperplasia; UTI: urinary tract infections; HR: hazard ratio; CI: confidence interval.