Skip to main content
. 2025 Aug 23;15:31004. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-15299-9

Table 2.

Effect of mulching methods on the root diameter and root length at soil layer 0–60 cm for 2022 and 2023 corn growth stages (VT and R6).

Year Soil Layer Treatment VT R6
Root Diameter
(cm)
Root Length
(m)
Root Diameter
(cm)
Root Length
(m)
2022 0–20 cm FSS 5.89a 63.18a 3.74a 54.63a
UPM 5.54b 48.36b 3.55b 47.88a
CK 4.12c 41.32b 2.13c 36.16b
20–40 cm FSS 1.83a 19.14a 1.69a 18.36a
UPM 1.68b 17.14a 1.78a 16.72a
CK 1.32c 13.04b 0.76b 11.23b
40–60 cm FSS 0.79a 10.2a 0.61a 11.48a
UPM 0.63b 8.31b 0.54a 8.09a
CK 0.51c 4.91c 0.30b 6.03b
2023 0–20 cm FSS 5.83a 66.79a 2.84a 48.11a
UPM 5.63b 60.24b 2.59b 43.52a
CK 5.33c 44.19c 2.37c 36.44b
20–40 cm FSS 1.73a 25.46a 1.23a 16.88a
UPM 1.51b 18.62b 0.95b 15.30a
CK 0.82c 12.74c 0.62c 10.57b
40–60 cm FSS 0.85a 13.45a 0.54a 12.25a
UPM 0.70a 9.22b 0.50a 7.70b
CK 0.53b 6.52c 0.38b 5.69b
Year ns ns * ns
Soil Layer ** ** ** **
Treatment ** ** ** **
Year × Soil Layer * ns * **
Year × Treatment ** ns * ns
Soil Layer × Treatment ** ** ** *

VT, tasseling stage; R6, physiological maturity stage. Means with different letters in the same column are significantly different at P < 0.05. NS: not significant; * significant at the 0.05 probability level; ** significant at the 0.01 probability level.