. 2025 Aug 23;15:31026. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-01712-w

Table 3.

Contamination Factor (C_f), Potetnial Ecological Risk Indices (Erⁱ), Enrichment Factors (EF), Geo-accumulation Factor (l_geo), and the partition coefficient (K_d) of heavy metals (HM) in sediment samples collected from three sites (Indus Delta, Sandspit and, Miani Hor) in three different seasons (monsoon, post-monsoon and pre-monsoon).

HM	Sandspit					Miani Hor					Indus Delta
HM	C_f	Erⁱ	EF	l_geo	K_d	C_f	Erⁱ	EF	l_geo	K_d	C_f	Erⁱ	EF	l_geo	K_d
Monsoon
Al	–	–	0.012489	− 12.11	1.19	–	–	0.005764	− 13.606	1.03	–	–	0.020214	− 12.08	2.91
As	1.367	13.667	57.84424	0.072	0.69	0.907	9.067	50.14749	− 0.52	0.77	1.073	10.733	72.26212	− 0.276	0.83
Cd	2.800	84.000	244.5448	2.152	1.17	1.500	45.000	171.1968	1.252	1.32	0.750	22.500	104.1934	0.252	1.17
Cr	0.307	0.613	11.24906	− 2.29	0.56	0.029	0.058	1.379466	− 5.704	0.61	0.010	0.020	0.570517	− 7.261	0.64
Cu	0.112	0.560	0.82167	− 6.065	1.23	0.036	0.182	0.348968	− 7.687	1.07	0.038	0.188	0.438779	− 7.64	1.23
Fe	–	–	1	− 5.782	40.67	–	–	1	− 6.168	1397.94	–	–	1	− 6.452	790.07
Hg	51.200	2048.000	1173.815	4.415	0.78	44.400	1776.000	1330.199	4.209	0.82	52.400	2096.000	1910.907	4.448	0.82
Pb	0.306	1.529	9.812359	− 2.487	1.35	0.025	0.124	1.036597	− 6.12	1.03	0.015	0.074	0.751234	− 6.864	1.18
Se	–	–	13.59381	− 2.017	0.73	–	–	6.203366	− 3.535	0.79	–	–	20.59352	− 2.087	0.75
Zn	0.029	0.029	1.111567	− 5.629	1.04	0.008	0.008	0.386386	− 7.54	1.34	0.006	0.006	0.381916	− 7.84	1.26
RI		2148					1830					2129
Post-monsoon
Al	–	–	0.010872	− 12.266	1.47	–	–	0.008265	− 13.15	1.13	–	–	0.024584	− 11.89	5.01
As	1.120	11.200	46.10318	− 0.215	0.79	0.960	9.600	55.72755	− 0.437	0.79	1.020	10.200	73.20574	− 0.35	0.82
Cd	3.000	90.000	254.822	2.252	1.44	1.770	53.100	212.019	1.49	2.01	0.920	27.600	136.2497	0.546	1.96
Cr	0.390	0.780	13.91328	− 1.943	0.81	0.032	0.064	1.598727	− 5.561	0.77	0.013	0.026	0.79479	− 6.875	1.16
Cu	0.096	0.480	0.684962	− 6.288	1.93	0.040	0.202	0.406502	− 7.536	1.96	0.041	0.203	0.505072	− 7.529	1.83
Fe	–	–	1	− 5.742	39.96	–	–	1	− 6.238	1538.10	–	–	1	− 6.544	900.86
Hg	43.200	1728.000	963.2272	4.16	0.73	43.200	1728.000	1358.359	4.17	0.90	46.000	1840.000	1788.278	4.261	0.83
Pb	0.366	1.829	11.41603	− 2.229	2.39	0.030	0.150	1.320627	− 5.837	1.51	0.021	0.106	1.150718	− 6.341	1.87
Se			14.27003	− 1.907	1.09	–	–	7.694409	− 3.294	1.13	–	–	29.27104	− 1.672	1.14
Zn	0.033	0.033	1.232412	− 5.44	1.58	0.010	0.010	0.52139	− 7.177	1.36	0.010	0.010	0.655937	− 7.152	1.56
RI		1832					1791					1878
Pre-monsoon
Al	–	–	0.012955	− 11.876	2.01	–	–	0.010717	− 12.802	1.67	–	–	0.027351	− 11.787	8.42
As	1.453	14.533	54.47276	0.161	1.27	1.227	12.267	71.98748	− 0.084	1.21	1.153	11.533	85.64356	− 0.173	1.05
Cd	4.200	126.000	324.8376	2.737	3.21	2.200	66.000	266.4133	1.804	3.93	1.330	39.900	203.7954	1.078	3.33
Cr	0.440	0.880	14.29285	− 1.769	0.95	0.036	0.071	1.814032	− 5.394	2.41	0.017	0.034	1.079758	− 6.482	1.80
Cu	0.122	0.610	0.792604	− 5.942	3.32	0.045	0.223	0.453678	− 7.394	2.90	0.045	0.224	0.576634	− 7.387	2.41
Fe	–	–	1	− 5.607	43.25	–	–	1	− 6.253	2505.88	–	–	1	− 6.593	1000.00
Hg	61.200	2448.000	1242.504	4.672	0.88	33.720	1348.800	1071.89	3.812	0.88	43.200	1728.000	1737.624	4.17	0.82
Pb	0.453	2.264	12.87169	− 1.92	3.13	0.036	0.181	1.60847	− 5.568	2.43	0.025	0.124	1.399752	− 6.108	2.38
Se	–	–	16.24188	− 1.585	1.25	–	–	9.573783	− 2.994	2.29	–	–	30.28538	− 1.672	2.00
Zn	0.052	0.052	1.791528	− 4.765	3.03	0.010	0.010	0.554844	− 7.103	2.31	0.006	0.006	0.429043	− 7.814	3.16
RI		2592					1427					1779
Average of three seasons at three sites
Al	–	–	0.01	− 12.08	1.53	–	10.31	0.01	− 13.19	1.26	–	–	0.02	− 11.92	4.69
As	1.31	13.13	52.81	0.01	0.87	1.03	54.70	59.29	− 0.35	0.91	1.08	10.82	77.04	− 0.27	0.89
Cd	3.33	100.00	274.73	2.38	1.72	1.82	0.06	216.54	1.52	2.12	1.00	30.00	148.08	0.63	2.00
Cr	0.38	0.76	13.15	− 2.00	0.76	0.03	0.20	1.60	− 5.55	0.93	0.01	0.03	0.82	− 6.87	1.10
Cu	0.11	0.55	0.77	− 6.10	1.90	0.04	–	0.40	− 7.54	1.74	0.04	0.21	0.51	− 7.52	1.72
Fe	–	–	1.00	− 5.71	41.20	–	1617.60	1.00	− 6.22	1700.00	–	–	1.00	− 6.53	887.39
Hg	51.87	2074.67	1126.52	4.42	0.79	40.44	0.15	1253.48	4.06	0.86	47.20	1888.00	1812.27	4.29	0.82
Pb	0.38	1.87	11.37	− 2.21	2.14	0.03	–	1.32	− 5.84	1.55	0.02	0.10	1.10	− 6.44	1.78
Se	–	–	14.70	− 1.84	1.00	–	0.01	7.82	− 3.27	1.50	–	–	26.72	− 1.81	1.17
Zn	0.04	0.04	1.38	− 5.28	1.75	0.01	0.008	0.49	− 7.27	1.57	0.01	0.01	0.49	− 7.60	1.85
RI		2191					1683					1929