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. 2025 Aug 23;16:7886. doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-63205-8

Table 1.

Terrestrial (Colombia and South Africa) and marine (the Philippines) ‘other effective area-based conservation measures’ (OECMs) and protected areas (PAs)

Number Mean size (SD; range) Median designation year (range) Total area (% of nation)
Colombia OECMs 51 2521 km2 (3929; 1−21,897) 2014 (1974−2022) 128,743 km2 (11.3%)
PAs 745 254 km2 (1816; 1−42,846) 1989 (1938−2020) 189,367 km2 (16.5%)
Philippines OECMs 31 886 km2 (1064; 1–4248) na 27,383 km2 (na)
PAs 65 292 km2 (674; 1–3833) na 18,947 km2 (na)
South Africa OECMs 15 5712 km2 (8565; 1−26,395) 2009 (1979– 2018) 85,579 km2 (7.0%)
PAs 1,629 79 km2 (625; 1−18,254) 1981 (1903−2022) 112,041 km2 (9.1%)

The percentage of the country covered by OECMs and PAs in the Philippines is not provided because these units are marine, so there is no total ‘area of the nation’ against which to compare their area. Designation date information was not available for the Philippines.