TABLE 4.

Phenotypic characterization of bulk soil, burrow, and cast isolates

Test or characteristic	% Occurrence in isolates (yr) (n)					chi-square Pa	Scaled deviancea
	Soil (1996) (99)	Soil (1999) (14)	Burrow (1996) (31)	Cast (1997) (74)	Cast (1999) (12)
Cell morphology						0.024b
Cocci	9	36	0	3	25		16
Small rod	13	14	36	11	8		21
Rod	46	36	36	58	25		20
Large rod	33	14	29	28	42		38
Catalase						0.024	29
Production	90	79	94	77	83
Hemolysis						0.480b
Alpha-	30	14	16	23	8
Beta-	7	7	10	12	8
Hydrolysis
Casein	22	43	32	32	17	0.286
Urea	44	21	58	27	25	0.007	39c
Tween 80	18	29	13	36	50	0.006	14
Antibiotic resistance
Ampicillin	32	14	29	49	42	0.043	35c
Tetracycline	22	0	0	0	0	0.339
Polymyxin	29	7	23	7	25	0.002	27
Streptomycin	9	14	13	0	25	0.014	32
Carbon utilization
Acetate	45	29	39	73	42	0.001	22
Lactose	24	7	52	0	17	0.001	17
Casamino Acids	57	36	65	84	42	0.001	29
Mannose	35	21	42	7	25	0.001	27
Cellobiose	23	7	26	1	17	0.001	25
MacConkey						0.001b
Growth	19	7	23	91	25		46
Fermentationd	10	7	0	18	17		23
Nitrate reduction						0.001b
Partial	28	36	26	73	42		37
Complete	0	0	0	4	0		5

^aThe null hypothesis was as follows: μ_{bulk soil (1996)} = μ_{burrow (1996)} = μ_{cast (1997)}. When the chi-square analysis was statistically significant (P < 0.05), the genmod scaled deviance analysis was performed to confirm that the difference was not due to the sampling procedure.

^bThese tests had more than one response. For the chi-square analysis, the responses were grouped together to observe overall differences in the test for the three types of isolates. For the genmod scaled deviance analysis, each response was observed separately.

^cThese P values for these scaled deviances were not statistically significant at P = 0.05. The P values for all of the other scaled deviances were statistically significant at P < 0.05.

^dFermentation of lactose.